Lecture Midterm 1 Review Questions Flashcards
(61 cards)
How many intervertebral discs are normally in the human spinal column?
23
Neurological loss from spinal nerve root compression or ischemia with numbness and/or weakness describes ____
radiculopathy
Pain referred to the inferior angle of the scapula due to gallstones is an example of what type of reflex?
viscero-somatic
What is true about radiculopathy? (select all that apply)
A. sensory follows dermatomal distribution
B. may involve muscle weakness
C. is always caused by a disc lesion
D. can be caused by spinal degeneration
E. is not influenced by posture
A, B, D
What does the “P” in the acronym “OPQRST” intend to remind one to ask?
What makes it worse?
What makes the problem better?
The majority of information needed to make a clinical diagnosis comes from ____
patient history
What is the MOST common symptom of vertebral artery dissection?
neck pain & stiffness
What are the 3 MOST IMPORTANT reasons to perform examinations (Homack’s Law)?
- document medical necessity to order tests
- make accurate diagnosis
- establish baselines for outcome measures
After a blow to the head, a 42 year old drummer notices his left hand has difficulty maintaining rhythm. This is an example of ____
dysdiadochokinesia
Upper motor neuron signs may be due to compression of what portion of the spinal cord?
- anterior corticospinal tract
- lateral corticospinal tract
What is true about motor neurons? (choose all that apply)
A. they are in the ventral cord
B. they come from dorsal roots
C. they are afferent
D. they are efferent
E. they carry signals into the cord
A, D
How are normal superficial reflex responses properly recorded in health care records?
present
What is true regarding the dorsal columns? (choose all that apply)
A. they carry sensory information
B. made up of motor neurons
C. they are efferent
D. carry information on proprioception
E. responsible for coordinated movements
A, D
How is pallesthesia assessed?
using a 128 Hz tuning fork
What other symptoms might be seen in a patient demonstrating resting tremors?
- festinating gait
- mask-like face
- choreiform motion
- lead pipe rigidity
- cogwheel rigidity
- hemiballism
- pill rolling
Which muscles of mastication are innervated by cranial nerve V?
internal pterygoid
temporalis
external pterygoid
masseter
(BITEM)
A 22 year old female complains of “double vision” with both eyes open, 2 days after being hit in the head by a kicked soccer ball. Which cranial nerves are likely to be involved?
CN III, IV, VI
A patient’s left eye is exposed to a flashlight and constricts. The right eye is unresponsive. Which structure is most likely damaged?
Right CN III
What cranial nerve carries sensory (taste) from the anterior aspect of the tongue?
CN VII: facial
A patient has tongue deviation to the left. Which cranial nerve and which side are involved?
Left CN XII: Hypoglossal
In a patient with tongue deviation to the left, which side would appear weak when strength testing the tongue (tongue in cheek)?
right
Your patient drifts to the left when walking forward, and left when walking backward. What does this indictate?
Left-sided cerebellar issue
Multiple sclerosis can first present as ____ which can create a ____ loss of vision (blind spot)
Optic neuritis; central
In order to determine if an anterior (ventral) corticospinal tract lesion is due to compression of the cervical cord, you can repeat tendon reflexes with the patient ____, noting and change in your findings
Looking down (provocative position)
