Lecture notes

Question 1

Which antipsychotic is ysed to treat psychosis?

What dose?

Answer 1

Onlanzapine

10mg OD

Question 2

Indications for clozapine use?

Answer 2

Treatment reistant schizophrenia

Question 3

Which law is used for the transfer of an unsentenced prisoner to hospital and for their detention there?

Answer 3

Section 48

Question 4

Name a enzodiazepine antagonist and use to reverse benzodiazepine overdose

Answer 4

Flumezanil

Question 5

Difference betwren opiate and opiod?

Answer 5

Opiates are extracted from Papaver Somniferum (opium poppy). Synthetic compounds are called opiods.

Question 6

List 3 drugs used in opiate withdrawals and their MOA?

Answer 6

Buprenorphine is a partial u-opioid receptor agonist. It has abuse potential as the tablet can be prepared for injection.

Methadone is a long acting u-opioid receptor agonist. synthetic opiate. It is prescribed as a coloured liquid, and is not suitable for iv use.

Lofexidine is an alpha adrenergic agonist which helps with symptomatic relief.

Question 7

What is the difference between section 2 and 3 of the mental health act?

Answer 7

Section 2 is used for the purpose ofassessment and treatment(lasting up to 28 days).

Section 3 is used fortreatment(lasting up to 6 months, with the possibility of renewal

Question 8

define formal thought disorder

Answer 8

A disturbance of the organization and expression of thought.

Whereas delusions reflect abnormal thought content.

Question 9

self care is poor in which conditions?

Answer 9

depression

schizophrenia

dementia

Question 10

neologisms are seen in which conditions?

Answer 10

mania

schizophrenia

Question 11

what is thought block?

Answer 11

patient is speaking and they stop suddenly

Question 12

how to diagnose a formal thought disorder?

Answer 12

you find you lose trail of thought

doesnt make sense

Question 13

what is circumstantial speech?

Answer 13

they are speaking and go on and talk about a huge amount of other stuff but then get back to the point in the end.

Question 14

what is derailment?

what condition is it found?

Answer 14

change in topic, no logical connection

in schizophrenia

Question 15

define word salad?

Answer 15

randomly saying words that dont connect together in any way

Question 16

what is the difference between flight of ideas and derailment?

Answer 16

There is no link between ideas in derailment

Question 17

whats one thing to know about flight of ideas?

Answer 17

patients dont get back to the point when they do this

you can get clang associations with these

Question 18

if patient is moving around very fast in an interview, how would you describe that?

Answer 18

psychomotor agitation

Question 19

diifference between affect and mood?

Answer 19

affect - objective

mood - subjective

Question 20

what is the term for normal mood

Answer 20

euthymic

Question 21

what is the range of affect?

Answer 21

restricted - reduced

blunted - severe restriction in emotional expression

flattened - absence/near absence

Question 22

what is thee diffeerence between thought content and though form;

Answer 22

thought content;
overvalued ideas - eg body dysmorphia etc
obsessions + compulsions

-> associated with personality disorders

Question 23

define an ego dystonic thought?

whih condition is it seen?

Answer 23

a thought you dont like/ agree with/ goes against your idea of self

seen in ocd

Question 24

define undoing in relation with compulsions?

Answer 24

Attempts to nuetralise i.e. after a violent thought

Question 25

characterise primary delusions?

Answer 25

autocthonous Primary delusion implies that delusion is not occurring in response to another psychopathological form such as mood disorder. A primary delusion is a delusion which arises "out of the blue" with no morbid antecedents.

Question 26

give examples of scondary delusions

Answer 26

``` reference grandeure paranoid hypochondriasis love - othello jealousy Delusional infestation/ekboms syndrome - a persistent belief that they are infested with living or nonliving pathogens such as parasites, insects ```

Question 27

define secondary delusion

Answer 27

These are delusions that are secondary to a morbid event, such as a change in mood, an hallucination, or another delusion.

Question 28

what are hypnopompic and hypnogogic delusions?

Answer 28

hypnopompic - hallucination as youre waking up gogic - go for going to sleep -> halluciantions as youre goign to sleep

Question 29

what is a functional hallucination

Answer 29

an external stimulus provokes hallucination

Question 30

what is a reflex hallucination

Answer 30

stimulus in one sensory field causing hallucination in another

Question 31

what is negative autoscopy?

Answer 31

example: look in mirro and dont see yourself

Question 32

what is a autoscopy hallucination

Answer 32

Autoscopic hallucinations are the experience of "seeing oneself" (thus indicating the existence of two selves) as if looking in a mirror.

Question 33

what are command hallucinations ?

Answer 33

the voices are giving him instructions

Question 34

what is 2nd person auditory hallucination ? 3rd person which conditoins are they seen in?

Answer 34

2nd - voices are talking to him 3rd - talking about him schizophrenia - get both but 3rd more common psychotic depression - 2nd person voices

Question 35

what are command hallucinations ?

Answer 35

the voices are giving him instructions

Question 36

what aree the different typse of insomnia

Answer 36

initial - aka sleep onset insomnia eg anxiety middle - aka sleep maintenance insomnia treminal - early morning waking - eg depression

Question 37

what presentation is very similar to depression and has to be investigated carefully in hx?

Answer 37

schizophrenia - both have negative sx, poor self care but obviously you can differentiate with positive symptoms; hallucinations, delusions, first rank symptoms etc

Question 38

abnormal affect is....?

Answer 38

objective it is for us as interviewers to assess that

Question 39

3 main characteristics of delirium?

Answer 39

inattention disorientation/confusion psychotic symptoms

Question 40

who do the following terms mean and which condition are they associated with? flocillation carphology tilmus

Answer 40

delirium

Question 41

which condition should you avoid haloperidol and why?

Answer 41

parkinsons Antipsychotic = epse = Parkinsonism gets worse

Question 42

which condition should you avoid haloperidol and why?

Answer 42

parkinsons Antipsychotic = epse = Parkinsonism gets worse

Question 43

Primary complusions are seen in which conditions? and secondary compulsions?

Answer 43

primary - OCD secondary - depression, schizophrenia, organic, anorexia nervosa

Question 44

Primary complusions are seen in which conditions? and secondary compulsions?

Answer 44

primary - OCD secondary - depression, schizophrenia, organic, anorexia nervosa

Question 45

state verbatim the definition of delirium?

Answer 45

fixed, false belief held in spite of evidence, not in keeping with social / cultural background usually of great personal significance

Question 46

psycodynamic psychotherapy is based on who's theory?

Answer 46

FREUD - > there is a conscious and unconscious mind - > your problems based on your childhood experiences trying to help patient to understand the unconscious influences on their actions - help them realise the underlying emotions etc behind their actions so they can examine themselves and see how they can change therapeutic relationship is of particular importance here

Question 47

difference between psychodynamic and psychoanalytic therapy?

Answer 47

dynamic - focusses on INTERPERSONAL conflict therapeutic relationship important analytic - internal conflict therapeutic relationship professional, less relied on to make therapy work

Question 48

what is another term for erotomania?

Answer 48

de clerambault syndrome

Question 49

what is capgras syndrome?

Answer 49

an irrational belief that someone they know or recognize has been replaced by an imposter. after head trauma

Question 50

what is fregoli syndrome?

Answer 50

The Fregoli delusion is a rare disorder in which a person holds a delusional belief that different people are in fact a single person who changes appearance or is in disguise. persecutory nature