Lecture Notes

Question 1

Name three elements common to all communication methods

Answer 1

1. Source or sender
2. Destination or receiver
3. Channel or media

Question 2

Name 4 protocols necessary for effective communication

Answer 2

1. An identified sender and receiver
2. Common Language and grammar
3. Speed and timing of delivery
4. confirmation or acknowledgement requirements

Question 3

Give five examples of what protocols used in network communications define

Answer 3

1. Message encoding
2. Message delivery options
3. Message formatting and encapsulation
4. Message timing
5. Message size

Question 4

Explain the four steps in message encoding

Answer 4

1. Encoding between hosts must be in appropriate format for the medium.
2. Messages are first converted into bits by the sending host.
3. Each bit is encoded into a pattern of sounds, light waves, or electrical impulses depending on the network media.
4. The destination host receives and decodes the signals in order to interpret the message.

Question 5

Explain four points of message formatting and encapsulation

Answer 5

1. There is an agreed format for letters and addressing letters which is required for proper delivery.
2. Putting the letter into the addressed envelope is called encapsulation
3. Each computer message is encapsulated in a specific format, called a frame, before it is sent over the network.
4. A frame acts like an envelope providing destination address and source address.

Question 6

Explain 4 rules regarding message size.

Answer 6

1. Long messages must be broken into smaller pieces to travel across a network.
2. Each piece is sent in a separate frame.
3. Each frame has its own addressing information.
4. A receiving host will reconstruct multiple frames into the original message.

Question 7

Explain the term Access Method

Answer 7

Hosts on a network need to know when to begin sending messages and how to respond when collisions occur.

Question 8

Explain Flow Control

Answer 8

Source and destination hosts use flow control to negotiate correct timing to avoid overwhelming the destination and ensure information received.

Question 9

What is response timeout

Answer 9

Hosts on a network have rules that specify how long to wait for responses and what action to take if a response timeout occurs.

Question 10

What is a unicast message?

Answer 10

Unicast message refers to one-to-one delivery.

Question 11

What is a multicast message?

Answer 11

A mulitcast message refers to a one-to-many delivery

Question 12

What is a broadcast message?

Answer 12

A broadcast message refers to a one-to-all delivery

Question 13

What are networking protocols?

Answer 13

Networking protocols define a common format and set of rules for exchanging messages between devices.

Question 14

Name three common networking protocols.

Answer 14

1. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
2. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
3. Internet Protocol (IP)

Question 15

What protocols are involved in a communication between a web server and client?

Answer 15

Communication between a web server and client involves HTTP, TCP, IP, and Ethernet protocols.

Question 16

What is HTTP?

Answer 16

HTTP is an application protocol that governs the way a web server and a web client interact.

Question 17

What is TCP?

Answer 17

TCP - transport protocol that manages individual conversations.

Question 18

What is IP?

Answer 18

IP encapsulates the TCP segments into packets, assigns addresses, and delivers to the destination host.

Question 19

What is ethernet?

Answer 19

Ethernet allows communication over a data link and the physical transmission of data on the network media.

Question 20

What is a protocol suite?

Answer 20

A protocol suit is a set of protocols that work together to provide comprehensive network communication services, which may be specified by a standards organization or developed by a vendor.