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EMT 205 > Lecture Points > Flashcards

Lecture Points Flashcards

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1
Q

What drug comes from foxglove?

A

Digoxin

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2
Q

What drug comes from nightshade?

A

Atropine

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3
Q

What are the 5 sources of drugs? (LAMMP)

A

Labs
Animal
Minerals
Microorganisms
Plants

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4
Q

Drugs that come from plants? (DAM)

A

Digoxin
Atropine sulfate
Morphine sulfate

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5
Q

Drugs that come from animals/humans? (AEI)

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Epinephrine
Insulin

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6
Q

Drugs that come from minerals? (SICI)

A

Sodium bicarbonate
Iodine
Calcium chloride
Iron

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7
Q

Drugs that come from microorganisms? (PS)

A

Penicillin
Streptomycin

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8
Q

Drugs that come from labs? (DLM)

A

Diazepam (Valium)
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Midazolam (Versed)

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9
Q

Definition of drugs?

A

Substances used to treat or prevent a disease or condition.

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10
Q

How are drugs taken? (MIT)

A

Mouth
Injected
Topically

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11
Q

Chemical name:

A

Exact description of drug’s chemical composition and molecular structure.

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12
Q

Generic (nonproprietary) name:

A

Often abbreviated form of chemical name and used more commonly. Cannot have y, h, j, k, or w. Official name approved by the FDA>

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13
Q

Trade (brand/proprietary) name:

A

Trademark name designated by drug company. Proper nouns with capitalized first letter.

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14
Q

Official name:

A

Typically the same as the generic name. Followed by USP or NF.

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15
Q

What is an orphan drug?

A

Drugs that treat rare, chronic diseases (hemophilia, leprosy, cancers, Tourette). Federal governments incentivizes development of these.

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16
Q

Pure Food and Drug Act?

A

Passed in 1906. Prohibited the use of false/misleading claims. Restricted sale of drugs with misuse potential.

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17
Q

Drug Enforcement Agency?

A
  1. Sole legal drug enforcement body in the United States.
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18
Q

Other regulatory bodies?

A

Food and Drug Administration

Public Health Service

Federal Trade Commission

Canadian Drug Control

International Drug Control

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19
Q

What is a Schedule I drug? (NASH)

A

No accepted medical use
Approved protocol required
Severe dependence
High misuse potential

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20
Q

What is a Schedule II drug? (PASHN)

A

Prescription necessary
Accepted medical uses
Severe dependence
High misuse potential
No refills

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21
Q

What is a Schedule III drug? (PALM5)

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A

Prescription required
Accepted medical uses
Less misuse potential
Moderate dependence
5 refills in 6 months

22
Q

What is a Schedule IV drug? (PALL5)

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A

Prescription required
Accepted medical uses
Lower misuse potential
Limited dependence
5 refills in 6 months

23
Q

What is a Schedule V drug? (NALL)

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A

No prescription required
Accepted medical uses
Low misuse potential
Limited dependence

24
Q

Enteral absorption rates? (GSOR)

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A

Gastric - Slow
Oral - Rapid

25
Parenteral absorption rates?
Subcutaneous - Slow Intramuscular - Moderate Intravenous - Immediate Endotracheal - Rapid Intraosseous - Immediate Pulmonary - Rapid Topical - Moderate Intranasal - Rapid
26
Drug effects? (DUS)
Desirable/therapeutic Undesirable/adverse Side effects
27
What is an agonist?
Combines with receptors, initiates expected response.
28
What is an antagonist?
Binds with receptors, inhibits/counteracts effects.
29
What are the three phases of drug activity?
Pharmaceutical Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic
30
Pharmaceutical phase:
How the drug dispenses, diffuses across the cell membrane, and affects the other phases.
31
Pharmacokinetic phase:
How the body absorbs, distributes, biotransforms, and excretes a drug.
32
Pharmacodynamic phase:
How the drug acts on a living organism relative to the concentration at an active site.
33
Blood-brain barrier:
Single layer of endothileal cells that permits only lipid-soluble drugs through.
34
Placental barrier:
Membrane layers that allow certain, non-lipid-soluble drugs through.
35
Enteral emergency drugs: (AAD)
Activated charcoal Aspirin Diazepam rectal gel
36
Parenteral emergency drugs: (FADED MNMS)
Fentanyl Atropine Dextrose Epinephrine Diazepam Midazolam Naloxone Morphine Sodium bicarbonate
37
Pulmonary emergency drugs: (RAIL ONA)
Racemic epinephrine Albuterol Ipratropium Levalbuterol Oxygen Nitrous oxide/oxygen Amyl nitrite
38
Topical emergency drugs: (LN)
Lidocaine Nitropaste
39
Emergency nasal drugs:
Fentanyl Glucagon Haloperidol Hydromorphone Ketamine Ketorolac Lorazepam Midazolam Naloxone
40
Nervous system emergency drugs: (ADD FLEEK HMNR
Atropine Diazepam Dopamine Fentanyl Lorazepam Epinephrine Etomidate Ketamine Hydromorphone Magnesium sulfate Naloxone Rocuronium Midazolam Norepinephrine Morphine Succinylcholine
41
What are the classifications of drugs that affect the autonomic nervous system?
Cholinergic (parasympathomimetic) Cholinergic blocking (parasympatholytic) Adrenergic (sympathomimetic) Adrenergic blocking (sympatholytic)
42
How do cholinergic drugs work?
Nicotinic effect: stimulation of the ganglia, adrenal medulla, and skeletal muscle. Muscarinic effect: stimulation of the postganglion in cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands.
43
How do anticholinergic drugs work?
Blocking of the muscarinic effects, decrease of acetylcholine action on the effector.
44
How do adrenergic drugs work?
Stimulation of alpha and beta receptors. Alpha: vasoconstriction in skin, pupil dilation, gut relaxation. Beta: cardiac acceleration and increased contractility, vasoconstriction in skeletal muscles, bronchial relaxation, uterine relaxation.
45
How do alpha blockers work?
Blockage of vasoconstriction effects, useful for hypertension. Prevention of necrosis when norepinephrine or dopamine have leaked into tissues.
46
How do beta blockers work?
Selective: block either 1 (cardioselective) or 2 receptor. Cardioselective are antihypertensive and antidysrhythmic. Nonselective: inhibit receptors in bronchioles and blood vessels.
47
Analgesic classifications:
Local anesthetics and NSAIDs interfere with pain in the PNS. Opioids, ketamine, and acetaminophen interfere with pain in the CNS.
48
Classifications of antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic agents:
Anxiety - benzodiazepines Hypnotics - barbiturates
49
How do benzodiazepines work?
They have a wide therapeutic index. They bind to receptors in the cerebral cortex and limbic system. Highly lipid soluble. More than 80% bind to plasma proteins.
50
Common benzodiazepines?
Alprazolam (Xanax) Clonazepam (Klonopin) Diazepam (Valium) Flurazepam (Dalmane) Midazolam (Versed) Lorazepam (Ativan) Temazepam (Restoril)
51

EMT 205 (2 decks)

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