Lecture questions

Question 1

What are critical amino acids?

Answer 1

Amino acids which’ content is low in feeds, and of which animals lack most quickly

Question 2

Sort feeds in order of their amounts of NPN compounds
Hay, grass, silage

Answer 2

Silage has proportionally most NPN and least protein
Hay
Grass has most protein and least NPN of these 3

Question 3

Name 3 organism reserve energy sources

Answer 3

Glycogen, Fat, Protein

Question 4

True or False
Animal must get lipids from feed

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True or False
All necessary lipids can be synthesised by themselves in animals

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Is Feeds/ration crude ash content correlated with energy content positively or negatively?

Answer 6

Negatively
>Lots of ash - little energy

Question 7

Do basic feeds cover production animals’ requirements for minerals?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

Do organisms assimilate (take in) better
A.) Chlorides and sulphates
or
B.) Oxides and carbonates

Answer 8

A.) Chlorides and sulphates
Since as the solubility is better, they also ionise better

Question 9

Can selenium deficiency be covered faster by feeding organic or inorganic selenium?

Answer 9

Inorganic selenium
>Absorbs and becomes “selenium cysteine” directly - which works in the metabolism
>Organic is absorbed as “selenion methionine” which is incorporated into muscles and does not act in metabolism

Question 10

How can the effect of cyanogenetic and mustard oil glycosides be reduced in plants?

Answer 10

By heating
(Also by plant breeding and introducing new variables)

Question 11

The effect of tannins on animals is
a.) negative
b.) positive
c.) both negative and positive
d.) has no effect

Answer 11

C.) both negative and positive

Question 12

The effect of phytin on animals’ health is
a.) negative
b.) positive
c.) both negative and positive
d.) Does not affect at all

Answer 12

D.) Does not affect at all
As it generally remains undigested

Question 13

Lignin..
a.) digests fast
b.) digests at medium speed
c.) Digests slowly
d.) doesn’t digest at all

Answer 13

D.) Doesn’t digest at all

Question 14

Are di- and oligosaccharides digested by endogenous enzymes?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

In which is the starch content highest in?
a.) Grass silage
b.) maize silage
c.) cereals
d.) protein feeds

Answer 15

C.) cereals
>Up to 70%

Question 16

Name 3 endogenous enzymes that hydrolyse starch

Answer 16

A-amylase
Maltase
Isomaltase

Question 17

Microorganisms hydrolyse..
a.) a-1.4 glycosidic bonds
b.) a-1.6 glycosidic bonds
c.) both named bonds

Answer 17

A.) a-1.4 glycosidic bonds

They cannot hydrolyse a-1.6 glycosidic bonds as they have no isomaltase

Question 18

Cellulose has a..
a.) long and linear chain
b.) short and branched chain

Answer 18

a.) Long and linear chain

Question 19

In which is the pectin content higher in?
a.) Graminaceous plants
b.) Leguminous plants

Answer 19

b.) leguminous plants

Question 20

In which is the lignin content higher in?
a.) graminaceous plants
b.) leguminous plants

Answer 20

b.) Leguminous plants

Question 21

Which animal produces more salivary a-amylase?

Answer 21

Pigs

Question 22

Which form is protein digested in the stomach into?

Answer 22

Into Polypeptides
>Amino acids are not produced in stomach, only polypeptides and to some extent - oligopeptides

Question 23

What are the enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin

Answer 23

Endopeptidates - they break peptide bonds inside the molecule

Question 24

What does the enzyme a-lipase digest?

Answer 24

Fats

Question 25

Proteolytic pro-enzymes produced in the pancreas are activated in the duodenum by

Answer 25

Enteropeptidase Enterokinase and Trypsin

Question 26

What is the end product of carbohydrate digestion in large intestine?

Answer 26

Volatile fatty acids

Question 27

Ruminants produce more saliva when we feed them with what kind of feed?

Answer 27

Roughages

Question 28

What kind of bacteria is starch digested by

Answer 28

Amylolytic bacteria

Question 29

If we feed concentrate-rich feed, propionic acid is formed in bacterial cell from pyruvate via what?

Answer 29

Lactate

Question 30

If we feed roughage-rich feed, propionic acid is formed in bacterial cell from pyruvate via what?

Answer 30

Succinate

Question 31

In case of high levels of concentrates in feed ration in rumen fluid, what happens to acetic acid and propionic and butyric acid proportions?

Answer 31

Proportion of acetic acid decreases Proportions of propionic and butyric acid increase If we feed concentrates - we feed cereals, protein feed - which all contain more starch - which leads to higher propionate and butyric acid

Question 32

Ruminats cover their daily energy need in the form of volatile fatty acids at the percentage of

Answer 32

90%

Question 33

Of the following starch sources, the slowest to digest in rumen is a.) barley meal b.) wheat meal c.) oat meal d.) maize meal

Answer 33

D.) Maize meal

Question 34

The preferred pH range in rumen for Cellulolytic bacteria is ?

Answer 34

6.0-6.5 Cellulolytic bacteria produce mostly acetic acid, which has 2 carbon atoms ->Weakest acid - pH cannot be too low

Question 35

The preferred pH range for amylolytic bacteria is?

Answer 35

5.5-6.0

Question 36

The preferred pH range for Saccharidic (saccharidolytic?) bacteria is?

Answer 36

5.0 - 5.5

Question 37

What happens to milk yield and milk protein amounts when feeding roughage rich ration?

Answer 37

Milk yield is lower and produces more milk fat

Question 38

What happens to milk yield and milk protein amount when feeding concentrate-rich ratio?

Answer 38

Milk yield is higher and produces more milk protein