Lecture Quiz #2 Flashcards
(81 cards)
1
Q
Mary Baker Eddy (19th Century)
A
- She was the founder of Christian Science
- She lived in the 19th century
2
Q
Christain Science: Healing and Revelation
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- Eddy was in physical pain and no doctor can save her
- She claims she was miraculously healed by Jesus who gave her a revelation
3
Q
CS: Science and Health
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Chrisitan Science scripture which contains the revelation given to Eddy by Jesus
4
Q
CS: Belief about Matter
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Teaches spiritual reality within everything
5
Q
CS: Reason for sickness
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Teaches that most sickness results incorrectly emphasizing material reality, such as bacteria and viruses, instead of spiritual reality
6
Q
CS: Spiritual Healing
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Many Christian science followers do not get any care for sickness, instead they believe can be healed by correct belief and strong faith
7
Q
Law Code of Manu
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- this is a Hindu scripture
- It was written in the 2nd century BCE
8
Q
Favorable towards women
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- Some parts of this book are favorable toward women
- For example: it stays men should honor women and treat them with respect
9
Q
Unfavorable towards women
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- Many parts of this book is unfavorable toward women
- For example women should never act independently of men and it says women should worship their husbands like Gods
10
Q
Sati
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- This is the practice of a Hindu women burning herself after her husband has died
11
Q
Sati: Reasons
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- Hindu women have practiced Sati so their husbands and children can achieve Moksha
- The women’s life was meaningless apart from her husband
12
Q
Sati: Response
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Sati has been opposed by many people in India especially foreigners and feminists
13
Q
Female Gurus
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- A guru is a spiritual teacher
- There are many Hindu gurus that are female
14
Q
Female Gurus: Amma
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Female guru known as the hugging saint
15
Q
Hijab
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- This means cover
- It refers to Muslim’s modest women clothing which is worn to cover private parts from being see publicly
16
Q
Hijab: Qur’an
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Muslims disagree about whether the Qur’an identifies hair as a private part that women need to cover in public
17
Q
Hijab: Pre-Islamic Arabia
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- Upper-class women covered their hair as a symbol of personal dignity
18
Q
Hijab: Burqa
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This covers a Muslims women’s entire body and face
19
Q
Hijab: Reasons for covering
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Muslim women might cover their hair in public because they are required to by their government or family member or because they believe covering their hair is a way to obey God or because they want to display their identity as a Muslim
20
Q
Salat: Leadership
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traditionally a woman is not allowed to lead a salat if a man is praying
21
Q
Salat: Place in a Mosque
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If women pray in a mosque, traditionally they must be behind the men or in a separate room from the men
22
Q
Polygamy
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According to the Qur’an, a man is allowed to have up to four wives if he treats them equally
23
Q
Polygamy: Common Disapproval
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Although it’s allowed in the Qur’an, many Muslims disapprove of polygamy
24
Q
Divorce by repudiation
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This is the traditional Islamic practice, that after a man says “I divorce you” three times, the divorce is automatic finalized
25
Islamic Feminism
Islamic feminists argue that because the Qur'an is shaped by the 7th-century Arabian context it should be reinterpreted to give more right and equality to women
26
Judaism: Orthodox
This branch is the most traditional of the 3 main branches of Judaism
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Judaism: Orthodox Examples
Orthodox Judaism mostly uses the Hebrew language, it separates men and women in worship services, and it follows strict rules about not working on the Sabbath
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Judaism: Conservative
Includes a mixture of traditional practices and modernized practices
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Judaism: Conservative Examples
Mostly uses the Hebrew languages in worship services, and it allows men and women to sit together in worship services
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Judaism: Reform
Is the most modernized of the three main branches of Judaism
31
Judaism: Reform Examples
Mostly uses local languages in worship services, it allows men and women to sit together in worship services, and it does not follow strict rules about working on the sabbath
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Judaism: Clothing
Orthodox Jewish women are required to cover most of their bodies in public
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Judaism: Hair covering
married orthodox Jewish women are required to cover their hair in public
34
Judaism: Mehitzah
this is the barrier which separates men and women in an orthodox worship service
35
Judaism: Minyan
- minimum number of people needed to have a Jewish worship service
- Women don't count as part of the minyan
36
Judaism: Women Rabbis
First official rabbi was in the reformed branch in the 1970s
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Judaism: Jewish Feminism
Have argued that Jewish women need more leadership opportunities and need more Midrash that features powerful women
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Judaism: Midrash
This is the creative interpretation of the Jewish bible
39
Vajrayana Buddhism
Has been followed in Tibet (branch)
40
Vajrayana Buddhism: Tantric practices
- these are secretly guarded practices which involve the union of feminine and masculine practices
- They are important part of Vajrayana
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Vajrayana Buddhism: Lama
This is a Vajrayana religious leader
42
Vajrayana Buddhism: Vajra
- This is a medal object shaped like a lightning bolt
- It is used in Vajrayana rituals
43
Vajrayana Buddhism: Prayer wheel
- this object contains written prayers and is turned to produce good karma
- It is popular in Vajrayana Buddhism
44
Vajrayana Buddhism: Mandala
- This art form is used in meditation
- It symbolizes harmony between the human world and the spiritual world
- It is popular in Vajrayana Buddhism
45
Vajrayana Buddhism: Mudra
- This is a symbolic hand gesture
- Images of Buddas communicate Buddhist principles through mudras
46
Vajrayana Buddhism: Enso
- this is the circle which symbolizes emptiness
- it is popular in zen buddahism
47
Judaism: Idolatry
- this is worshipping someone of something other than God
- There have not been many Jewish visual artist because of concern art promotes idolatry
48
Christianity Orthodox: Icon
This is a visual image of Jesus or a saint which is used in orthodox worhsip
49
Christianity Orthodox: Iconoclastic Controversy
This involved orthodox leaders trying to end the use of icons because of concern of idolatry
50
Roman Catholic: Crucifix
this is an image of the cross with the body of Jesus
51
Roman Catholic: Stations of the cross
- this is a series of images showing Jesus's finals days on Earth
- it encourages self-reflection and personal imitation of Jesus
52
Christianity Protestant: Ulrich Zwingli
He was a protestant leader who removed all art from his churches because of concern of idolatry
53
Shia Islam
- 10% of Muslims follow this branch of Islam
- The other 90% follow Sunni Islam
- The country with the largest Shia population is Iran
54
Shia Islam: Death of Muhammad
After Muhammad, Muslims disagreed about who should become the next leader of Islam
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Shia Islam: Ali
First Shia Muslims believed the next leader of Islam should be Ali because he was a family member of Muhammad's family
56
Aniconism
- This is avoiding images of spiritual-beings and human-beings
- It's an important principal for many Muslims
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Images of Prophets
- Sunni Islam does not allow visual images of prophets such as Muhammad
- Shia Islam encourages visual images of prophets such as Muhammad
58
Images of Heaven
Heaven displayed as a beautiful garden is a popular image in Islamic art
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Calligraphy
Beautiful writing, especially of verses from the Qur'an, is popular in Islamic art form
60
Cantillation
this is musical chanting of the Jewish bible or Jewish prayer
61
Nigunim
- This is fast, joyful music that uses non-sense sounds instead of words
- It's popular in Hasidic Judaism
62
Nigunim: Hasidic Judaism
this branch of Judaism emphasizes seperation from the outside world and emphasizes the belief that God is present everywhere
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Klezmer
This type of traditional Jewish music was originally performed at weddings celebrations
64
Judaism Hip Hop
Jewish Hip hop often challenges Jewish stereotypes by expressing pride in Jewish identity
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Christianity: Gregorian Chant
this type of music was popular for many centuries in catholic churches
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Christianity: Pope Gregory
the word Gregorian refers to Pope Gregory who used this music to unite catholic churches
67
Second Vatican Council (1962-1965)
this was a large gathering of catholic leaders during the 1960s
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SVC: Goal
the goal was to modernize the catholic church and it based this modernization on ideas found in early Christian sources
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SVC: Changes involving music
the council encouraged the use of local languages instead of Latin, in encouraged musical instruments instead of the organ, and encouraged singing by the entire congregation
70
Christian Rock: Larry Norman
- He is considered the founder of Christian rock
- he tried to persuade Christians that rock is an acceptable type of music in Christianity
71
Christian Rock Criticism: Quality of Music
Christian Rock has been criticized for having poor musical quality compared to mainstream rock
72
Contemporary Paganism
- this is a general name for new religions based on ancient, nature-based beliefs and practices
- One example is Wicca
73
Wicca: Origin
all though based in ancient beliefs and practices, Wicca began in England in the 20th century
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Wicca: Polytheism
Some Wiccans believe in many different goddesses and gods which are closely connected to the natural world
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Wicca: Pantheism
Other Wiccans believe in a single spiritual energy that manifests itself in female and male forms
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Wicca: Sabbat
- this is a Wiccan celebration that happens during eight seasonal turning points
- Sabbat emphasizes the solar cycle
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Wicca: Coven
this is a Wiccan group which gathers for worship and fellowship
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Wicca: Witch
- this is a follower of Wicca
- Witches are often given special personal names after their initiation in Wicca
79
Wicca: Wiccan Rede
this Wiccan principle states you are free to do anything except what harms others
80
Wiccan Rede: Animals
many Wiccans are vegetarians due to concern of harming animals
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Wiccan Rede: Earth
many Wiccans emphasize care for the Earth and environment because the Wiccan rede
