Mid-Term Study Set Flashcards

Question

Interpretation of the Qur'an

Answer 1

Believe their interpretation of the Qur'an is the only correct interpretation

Answer 2

Want life today to strongly reflect Islams 7th century Arabian beginnings

Answer 3

Most Muslims believe every person will spend eternity in either heaven or hell

Answer 4

- God decides - who live a morally good life will go to heaven

Answer 5

- God of preservation and compassion -Earthly appearance of a Hindu deities -Krishna: believe that Krishna is a avatar of Vishnu

Answer 6

God of fertility and destruction

Answer 7

- Has an elephant head -God of Wealth and the remover obstcles

Answer 8

Goddess who is extremely loving and extremely cruel

Answer 9

HF is an exclusivistic branch of Hinduism both motivated by religion and politics

Answer 10

- HF wants everyone in India to follow Hinduism -HF wants the Indian government to promote Hinduism as much as possible

Answer 11

- Because Christians and Muslims want to convert Indians to their religion, many HF have strong anti-christian and anti-Muslims views

Answer 12

HF have killed Chrisitan and Muslims and have destroyed their places of worship

Answer 13

Hindu Fundamentalist political party

Answer 14

unlike Gandhi's interpretation of Hindu, HF is exclusivistic and sometimes violent

Answer 15

Non-violence

Answer 16

started in the 19th century in Iran

Answer 17

He was the founder of Baha'i and he believed by Baha'is to be a prophet

Answer 18

Teaches that there is only one God

Answer 19

Baha'i teaches that all major world religions are true because these religions are reflections of the one true god

Answer 20

- God has given revelations to different prophets throughout religious history

Answer 21

Unlike Islam, Baha'i believes there have been prophets after Muhammad

Answer 22

- Peoples similarities are more important than their difference because all people are part of one family under God

Answer 23

Belief in the unity of humankind will lead to world peace and the elimination of prejudice

Answer 24

Hick argues against Christian exclusivism because he believes no religion is the only true religion

Answer 25

Hick argues against Christian inclusivism because he believes it makes Christianity superior to other religions

Answer 26

Hick argues that because all people have a different mental image of God, no religion can claim to have the only understanding of God

Answer 27

If salvation is defined as becoming a better person then salvation can be found in every religion

Answer 28

Because there is a morally good non-christian and morally bad Christians, Christianity is not the only source of moral truth

Answer 29

Hcik encourages Christians yo follow Christianity passionately but always be willing to learn from other religions

Answer 30

this is the ultimate goal in a religion

Answer 31

- this is the study of salvation -what is a religion's ultimate goal? -How do you get this ultimate goal?

Answer 32

the ultimate goal is experienced during your life on Earth

Answer 33

- The ultimate goal is experienced after you die - Salvation is earned because of your good actions - Salvation is received as a gift from a God

Answer 34

title that means "awaken ione"

Answer 35

real name of the buddha

Answer 36

- Very sheltered early life (20s) -stayed in his father's palace and never saw or experienced suffering

Answer 37

Saw suffering in the form of a: -Sick man -Very old man -Dead body -Religious begger

Answer 38

after seeing these sights, Siddhartha asked for deep spiritual questions and left his father's palace forever

Answer 39

Siddhartha had many unsuccessful years trying to find answers to his questions

Answer 40

- The Buddha finally found the answers he was looking for while meditating on this tree - these answers were the four noble truths

Answer 41

- to live is to suffer - suffering comes from desire - to end suffering, end desire - release from suffering is possible by following the noble eightfold path

Answer 42

Soka Gakkai began in Japan in the early 20th century

Answer 43

Founder of Soka Gakkai

Answer 44

Most important scripture in Soka Gakkai

Answer 45

the lotus sutra teaches that all people have a buddha-nature and therefore can become a buddha and it teaches that all people are spiritually connected by their shared buddha-nature

Answer 46

the ultimate goal of Soka Gakkai is the experience of peace and happiness during your present life on Earth

Answer 47

Soka Gakkai teaches you can achieve its ultimate goal by chanting these words

Answer 48

this is the Soka Gakkai idea after you experience peace and happiness you should share this experience with others

Answer 49

this is the most important scripture in early daoism

Answer 50

traditionally believes to be the author of the daodejing

Answer 51

- the dao is indescribable - is the source of everything - is inside everything - cannot be seen or felt - makes everything equal and balanced

Answer 52

this symbol represents the harmony of opposites

Answer 53

- the dark side and is passive, cold, and feminine

Answer 54

the light side and is hot, active, and masculine

Answer 55

- Non-interference (go w/ the flow) - major principle

Answer 56

to experience harmony w/ the dao so that nothing in this world deeply effects you

Answer 57

- this is the life-giving energy of the dao - Breathing and meditation exercises in which you move chi around your body are methods to experience - Early Daoism's ultimate goal

Answer 58

this is the cycle of rebirth

Answer 59

- this is the moral law of cause and effect - good deeds produce good karma which leads to a good rebirth - bad deeds produce bad karma which leads to bad rebirth

Answer 60

- this is the ultimate goal in Theravada - End of rebirth achieved by building up good karma - involves complete non-existence

Answer 61

if you don't achieve nirvana after you die, you are reborn in one of these six realms based on your karma

Answer 62

- This is the realm with the most intense suffering - large amount of hatred in previous lives often leads to rebirth in this realm

Answer 63

- In this realm, you are always hungry and thirsty - a large amount of possessiveness in previous life leads to rebirth in this realm

Answer 64

- this is the realm of existing as an animal on Earth

Answer 65

this is the realm of existing as a human on Earth

Answer 66

this is the realm of little suffering but you are jealous of beings in the heavenly realm

Answer 67

this is the realm of almost no suffering

Answer 68

Jodo began in Japan in the 12th century

Answer 69

reborn in the pure land which is a spiritual realm of no suffering

Answer 70

this ultimate goal is completely the result of the grace of Amitabha, who is a buddha w/ infinite compassion

Answer 71

- he was a jodo teacher who strongly emphasized Amitabha's grace - Shinran taught that just one positive thought about Amitabha lets you be reborn into the pure land

Answer 72

Shinran that relying on your own good deeds is the biggest barrier to being reborn in the pure land

Answer 73

agreement between God and the Jewish people to be faithful to each other

Answer 74

- Jews believe they are God's specific chosen people - Some Jews have believed this because they think they are morally superior than everyone else - Many Jews have believed this because of the idea that God wants them to teach non-Jews about himself

Answer 75

Jews believe God has always been in control of their history described in Jewish holy books and remembered in Jewish rituals

Answer 76

this is the Jewish holy book

Answer 77

many Jews believe they must do exactly what God requires them to do

Answer 78

a rite of passage is a ritual that symbolizes transition form one stage of life to the next

Answer 79

- Jewish rite of passage for 13-year-old males - the words "Bar Mitzvah" means son of the commandment

Answer 80

After his Bar Mitzvah, the man is now responsible for his own sins

Answer 81

After his Bar Mitzvah, the man can now lead worship services

Answer 82

This is the rite of passage for females especially in modern branches of Judaism

Answer 83

- A native American rite of passage for males at puberty

Answer 84

During the vision quest, the boy is alone and feats for four days in the wilderness

Answer 85

During the vision quest, the boy hopes to receive a vision when his personal guardian is realved

Answer 86

The salat is an Islamic prayer which is structured in its words and body movements

Answer 87

many Muslims pray the salat five times every day during five specific time periods

Answer 88

- this is the call to prayer - it is proclaimed at the beginning of each salat period

Answer 89

Muslims sometimes pray the salat at a mosque but any clean location is acceptable

Answer 90

Before the salat, Muslims wash themselves and face the direction of Mecca

Answer 91

- many Muslims, pray the Friday afternoon salat in a mosque - It is performed after the weekly sermon

Answer 92

this is the pligramiage to Mecca, which Muslims must perform once in their life if they are financially and physically able

Answer 93

During the Hajj, Muslims walk around this black cube-like structure

Answer 94

During the Hajj, Muslims stand in this place to symbolize learning their internal destination on the day of judgement

Answer 95

During the Hajj, Muslims throw stones at walls symbolizing demanding the devil stops tempting them

Answer 96

This is the Islamic term for fasting

Answer 97

this is the Islamic month, when for 30 days when Muslims do not eat or drink from sunrise to sunset

Answer 98

any physically able adult muslim must fast during Ramadan

Answer 99

- Muslins fast during Ramadan to remember people who are poor and hungry - To increase their feeling of dependence on God

Answer 100

- festival of breaking fast - Day after Ramadan ends

Answer 101

this is a Hindu annual ritual know as the festival of lights

Answer 102

Symbolizes the victory of good over evil and light over darkness

Answer 103

During Diwali, Hindus light candles through out their house and thoroughly clean their house

Answer 104

Act of worship to a Hindu ditie

Answer 105

- She is the goddess of good fortune - many practices are done as Puja to Lakshmi

Answer 106

He was the founder of Jainism

Answer 107

- this is the enlightened spiritual teacher in Jainism - Mahavira was the most recent tirthankara

Answer 108

Jainism teaches there is no eternal God but the universe has always existed

Answer 109

- this means non-violence - major principle in Jainism and the reason why Jains are vegetarian

Answer 110

Jainism also emphasizes not lying and not being attached to worldly possesions

Answer 111

This is the cycle of reincarnation

Answer 112

- this is the moral law of cause and effect - Jainism considers Karma a negative force which should be eliminated

Answer 113

- This is the ultimate goal in Jainism - its the end of reincarnation and it happens when all pf your karma is eliminated

Answer 114

this is a practice of a Jain starving themselves to death

Answer 115

purpose of sallekhana is to reach moksha

Answer 116

Sallekhana is allowed only if the person is: -Near-death - no worldly responsibilities - gets permission form a monk

Answer 117

Hindus consider this river a goddess

Answer 118

- Hindus consider this city to be the center of the universe - Hindus often put cremated bodies into the Ganges river in this city

Answer 119

Hindus believe this death ritual allows the deceased person to achieve Moksha

Answer 120

- She was the founder of Christian Science - She lived in the 19th century

Answer 121

- Eddy was in physical pain and no doctor could save her - She claims she was miraculously healed by Jesus who gave her a revelation

Answer 122

Chrisitan Science scripture which contains the revelation given to Eddy by Jesus

Answer 123

Chrisitan Science teaches that God is a spiritual reality within everything

Answer 124

Chrisitan Science teaches spiritual reality is more important than material reality

Answer 125

Teaches that most sicknesses result incorrectly emphasizing material reality, like bacteria and viruses, instead of spiritual reality

Answer 126

Many Chrisitan Science followers do not get any medical care for sickness, instead they believe you can be healed by correct belief and strong faith

Answer 127

- This is a Hindu scripture - It was written in the 2nd century BCE

Answer 128

- Some parts of this book are favorable toward women - For example, it says men should honor women and treat them with respect

Answer 129

- Many parts of this book are unfavorable towards women - For example, women should never act independently of men and it says women should worship their husbands

Answer 130

This is the practice of a Hindu women burning herself after her husband has died

Answer 131

Hindu women have practiced Sati so their husband and their children can achieve Moksha

Answer 132

Sati has been opposed by many people in India especially foreigners and feminists

Answer 133

- a guru is a spiritual teacher - There are many female Hindu gurus

Answer 134

Female guru is known as the hugging saint

Mid-Term Study Set Flashcards

(158 cards)