Lecture Quizes Flashcards by Myah Luther

The shoulder joint is __________ to the elbow joint and the wrist is _________________ to the elbow joint

Distal; Proximal
Proximal; Distal
None of the above

Proximal; Distal

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The right shoulder is _____________ to the left shoulder.

Ipsilateral
Unilateral
Bilateral
Contralateral
None of the above

Contralateral

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Compared to a double-leg jump, a single-leg jump would be described as a _____________ activity.

Ipsilateral
Unilateral
Bilateral
Contralateral
None of the above

Unilateral

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Another term for anterior:

Cranial
Caudal
Dorsal
Ventral
None of the above

Ventral

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When anchored at a person’s center of mass our set of planes and axes is referred to as the __________ set.

Primary
Ordinal
Cardinal
Blue-Jay
None of the above

Cardinal

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Order of joint type that provides the most to least movement:

Synovial; Amphiarthrodial; Synarthrodial

Synovial; Synarthrodial; Amphiarthrodial

Amphiarthrodial; Synovial; Synarthrodial

Synarthrodial; Synovial; Amphiarthrodial

None of the above

Synovial; Amphiarthrodial; Synarthrodial

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Technically, a joint could have as many as ___________ degrees of freedom:

3
6
9
12
None of the above

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Planar/Gliding joints are unique from the other synovial joint types because they are the only one with:

a) at least one degree of translational freedom

b) a variable number of degrees of freedom from one to another

Both (a) and (b)

None of the above

Both (a) and (b)

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Joint type with two degrees of rotational freedom:

a) Condyloid/Elliptical
b) Sellar/Saddle
c) Pivot
Both (a) and (b)
All of the above
None of the above

Both (a) and (b)

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When a joint has significant accessory/ancillary motion, such as the sliding and gliding that occurs in the knee and shoulder joint, these joints are said to have more degrees of freedom than their synovial joint type. The knee has more than one rotational degree of freedom and the shoulder has more than three degrees of rotational freedom.

True
False

False

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In our class (and within the HES Department) we define an agonist muscle/group as one that shortens during a movement and an antagonist muscle/group as one that lengthens during a movement. It does not matter if the muscle/group is active at the beginning, just the length change that occurs.

True
False

False

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Neutralizers and Stabilizers are within a broader category referred to as:

Protagonists
Observationalists
Synergists
Centrists
None of the above

Synergists

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While the term ‘contraction’ implies shortening, this is not always the case when a muscle is active. It all depends on the external resistance. For example, if the external resistance is greater than that produced by the muscle it will actually lengthen while ‘contracting’.

True
False

True

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If a segment rotates in the sagittal plane, the associated axis of rotation is the:

Bilateral Axis

Anterior-Posterior (AP) Axis

Longitudinal Axis

Depends on multiple factors as to what the axis of rotation will be

Bilateral Axis

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The bones of the shoulder girdle are in the _____________ skeleton and is technically part of the ______________.

Axial; Axial Core

Axial; Upper Extremity

Appendicular; Axial Core

Appendicular; Upper Extremity

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Bone of the forearm segment that articulates on the thumb side of the wrist and is primarily responsible for forearm pronation/supination:

Radius

Ulna

Radius is on the thumb side, but the ulna is primarily responsible for forearm motion

Ulna is on the thumb side, but the radius is primarily responsible for forearm motion

Radius

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Slow controlled raising of a weight (body segment, barbell/dumbbell, or weight stack) is described as having ___________ muscle activation.

Uni-phasic
Bi-phasic
Tri-phasic
None of the above

Uni-phasic

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Ballistically raising a weight (body segment, barbell/dumbbell, or weight stack) is described as having ___________ muscle activation.

Uni-phasic
Bi-phasic
Tri-phasic
Either bi-phasic or tri-phasic
None of the above

Either bi-phasic or tri-phasic

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Moving a weight horizontally (body segment, barbell/dumbbell, or weight stack) with no assistance/resistance from gravity is described as having ___________ muscle activation.

Uni-phasic
Bi-phasic
Tri-phasic
Either bi-phasic or tri-phasic
None of the above

Either bi-phasic or tri-phasic

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An active muscle responsible for the slow controlled raising of a weight (body segment, barbell/dumbbell, or weight stack) is described as having a/an ____________ contraction and is termed an ____________.

Concentric; antagonist
Eccentric; agonist
Eccentric; antagonist
None of the above

Concentric; antagonist

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An active muscle responsible for the slow controlled lowering of a weight (body segment, barbell/dumbbell, or weight stack) is described as having a/an ____________ contraction and is termed an ____________.

Concentric; antagonist
Eccentric; agonist
Eccentric; antagonist
None of the above

Eccentric; agonist

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The biceps brachii is multi-articular, crossing the shoulder, elbow, and forearm. As such if you activate the biceps to flex the elbow it will also attempt to flex the shoulder and supinate the forearm. Muscles activated to eliminate any unwanted motion at the shoulder and forearm associated with the biceps activation would be termed:

Agonists
Antagonists
Neutralizers
Stabilizers

Neutralizers

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Muscle termed the ‘true elbow flexor’ because it is the only uniarticular muscle of the hinge component of the elbow joint. It originates on the humerus and inserts on the ulna.

Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis
Brachialis
Pronator Teres

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Brachialis

Term for the rotation at the elbow joint during our strict performance of biceps curl when there is no linear motion of the joint axis:

General
Circular
Pure
None of the above

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Pure

During the up phase of our slow and controlled biceps curl the elbow ___________ muscle group is active and the elbow antagonistic muscle group is passively ____________. Extensors; lengthening Extensors; shortening Flexors; lengthening Flexors; shortening

Flexors; lengthening

At the start of the down phase of our ballistic biceps curl the elbow ___________ muscle group is active and the elbow antagonistic muscle group is passively ____________. Extensors; lengthening Extensors; shortening Flexors; lengthening Flexors; shortening

Extensors; lengthening

The motion of our upper extremity segments during our discussed prone barbell row occurs in which plane: Sagittal Frontal Transverse More than one

Transverse

Secondary motion of shoulder girdle that occurs during the down phase of our prone barbell row: Elevation Depression Protraction Retraction

Protraction

In the anatomical position from a frontal plan perspective the wrist is in a ______________ position. Extended Hyperextended Flexed None of the above

None of the above

Each pelvic bone is in the axial skeleton. However, when a pelvis segment is defined it is considered to be in the lower extremity. True False

False

Bowlegs is clinically referred to as: Genu varum Genu valgum Vargus valgum Valgus varum

Genu varum

If we flex both hips simultaneously (the primary motion) we could expect to have some secondary posterior pelvic rotation. True False

True

When performing a lunge exercise with the left hip flexed and the right hip hyperextended (the primary motion) we might expect to observe some secondary: Anterior PR Posterior PR Left lateral PR Right lateral PR None of the above

None of the above

Term for the simultaneous action of the hip, knee, and ankle joints during the down phase of our bodyweight squat exercise? Triple flexion Triple extension Triple bending Triple straightening

Triple flexion

At the start of the down phase of our bodyweight squat the ankles are in a ____________ position. At the end of the down phase our ankles are in a ____________ position. Dorsiflexed; plantarflexed Plantarflexed; dorsiflexed Neutral; dorsiflexed Plantarflexed; neutral

Neutral; dorsiflexed

During the down phase of the bodyweight squat the hip ____________ are the agonists performing a/an _____________ contraction. All bodyweight squat questions assume a slow/controlled down and up phase with a pause at the beginning, end, and between the up and down phases. Flexors; concentric Flexors; eccentric Extensors; concentric Extensors; eccentric

Extensors; eccentric

During the countermovement phase of the countermovement jump the hip ____________ are the agonists performing a _____________ contraction to start. All countermovement jump questions assume max effort with ballistic down and up phases. A pauses exists at the beginning of the countermovement phase, but not between the countermovement and propulsion phases. Flexors; Concentric Flexors; Eccentric Extensors; Concentric Extensors; Eccentric None of the above

Flexors; Concentric

During the propulsion phase of the countermovement jump the hip ____________ are the agonists performing a _____________ contraction to start. Flexors; Concentric Flexors; Eccentric Extensors; Concentric Extensors; Eccentric None of the above

Extensors; Concentric

During the countermovement phase of our countermovement jump we would expect _____________ muscle activation. During the propulsion phase of our countermovement jump we would expect _______________ muscle activation. Uni-Phasic; Bi-Phasic, possibly Tri-Phasic Bi-Phasic; Tri-Phasic Tri-Phasic; Bi-Phasic Bi-Phasic; Bi-Phasic Tri-Phasic; Tri-Phasic None of the above

Bi-Phasic; Tri-Phasic

We would expect the ___________ to be active at the start of the Propulsion Phase to a higher amount in a _____________ Jump compared to the other style of jump. Triple Flexors; Squat Jump Triple Flexors; Countermovement Jump Triple Extensors; Squat Jump Triple Extensors; Countermovement Jump None of the above, since activation levels should be similar at the start of both Propulsion Phases

Triple Extensors; Countermovement Jump

Potential ways to describe the shoulder joint position during our bodyweight squat with the arms folded across each other as depicted in the lecture slides. Extended and Horizontally Flexed/Adducted Extended and Horizontally Extended/Abducted Flexed and Horizontally Flexed/Adducted Flexed and Horizontally Extended/Abducted

Flexed and Horizontally Flexed/Adducted

From a sagittal plane perspective we would expect to have 2 primary curves and 2 secondary curves in the adult spine. True False

True

When not defined as individual segments the Trunk and Abdomen become part of the larger Thorax segment. True False

False

If you had to categorize it, time is typically considered a _______________ variable. Kinematic Kinetic It is considered to be both a Kinematic and Kinetic variable It is neither a Kinematic nor a Kinetic variable

Kinematic

Within typical/realistic changes (+/- 10%) for all of our numeric relationships (linear and both non-linear types) when qualitatively evaluating an equation we can treat them all as linear relationships. True False

False

Curvilinear whole body motion is technically angular motion since the object does change orientation while it translates. True False

False

The typical Cartesian reference frame that we use with x positive to the right and y positive vertically has a z axis that is positive _______________ and positive angular orientations that are _____________ from the positive x axis. Into the board; Clockwise Into the board; Counterclockwise Out of the board; Clockwise Out of the board; Counterclockwise None of the above

Out of the board; Counterclockwise

The center of mass of your object is located at (-1.0 m, -2.0 m) with a velocity of (5.0 m/s, 3.0 m/s) in our standard Cartesian Reference System. The velocity vector would be described as being in the ______________ quadrant. First Second Third Fourth

First

An object that moves during a period of time but begins and ends in the same position, such as our barbell after a complete repetition of a biceps curl, would have both zero vertical displacement and an average vertical velocity of zero. (The instantaneous vertical velocity at the beginning and end are also zero.) True False

True

An object that moves during a period of time but begins and ends in the same position, such as our barbell from the middle of the up phase to the middle of the down phase during our repetition of the biceps curl with pure rotation about the elbow, would have both zero vertical displacement and an average vertical velocity of zero. (The instantaneous vertical velocity at the beginning and end of this region are not zero instead being equal in magnitude but opposite in direction: positive during the up phase and negative during the down phase.) True False

True

Instantaneous Linear Velocity is the slope of Linear Position vs Time. In Calculus we would refer to this relationship as velocity being the integral of position. True False

False

An object starts and ends with zero horizontal velocity but moves in the positive horizontal direction in between such as the first half of the up phase or first half of the down phase of our biceps curl. The horizontal velocity vs time profile will resemble a hill indicating that the object first needs to speed up and then needs to slow back down. True False

True

An object begins with zero velocity, is moved vertically upward and then brought to rest (final velocity is zero), similar to the up phase of our biceps curl. Assuming up is the positive vertical direction, both the average vertical velocity during the first half of the up phase and the average vertical velocity over the entire up phase will be zero. True False

False

For our biceps curl, if we combined the horizontal and vertical instantaneous velocities at the halfway point of the up phase when the forearm and hand is horizontally oriented at the apex of the curve traced out by the path of the barbell, the resultant velocity vector at this time would point: Vertically upward (+) Vertically downward (-) Horizontally to the right (+) Horizontally to the left (-) None of the above, since it would have non-zero components in both the vertical and horizontal directions Vertically upward (+)

Vertically upward (+)

When velocity changes sign, such as going from positive to negative, that would indicate that it changed from traveling in the positive direction to traveling in the negative direction. True False

True

Someone reports the average speed, this could be: a) the magnitude of the average velocity b) the distance traveled/time Either (a) or (b) Neither (a) nor (b)

Either (a) or (b)

Lecture Quizes Flashcards

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