Upper extremity AKR

Question 1

Frontal Plane Axis

Answer 1

AP Axis

Question 2

Sagittal Plane Axis

Answer 2

Bilateral Axis

Question 3

Transverse Plane

Answer 3

Longitudinal Axis

Question 4

What are the 3 segments of the Upper Extremity from proximal to distal?

Answer 4

Arm Segment
Forearm
Hand

Question 5

What is the shoulder segment called?

Answer 5

Shoulder Girdle

Question 6

What are the 6 movements of the shoulder girdle (shoulder joint)?

Answer 6

Elevation/depression
Upward/downward rotation
Protraction/retraction

Question 7

What are the 8 movements of the shoulder joint?

Answer 7

Flexion/extension
ABduction/ADduction
Internal/external rotation
Horizontal ABduction/ADduction

Question 8

What are the 2 movements of the elbow joint?

Answer 8

Flexion/extension

Question 9

What are the 2 movements of the forearm?

Answer 9

Pronation/supination

Question 10

What are the 4 movements of the wrist?

Answer 10

Flexion/extension
Radial/ulnar flexion

Question 11

What is scapulothoracic rhythm?

Answer 11

Shoulder girdle movements/scapula movements

Question 12

If the primary movement of the shoulder joint is ABduction, what is the secondary movement of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 12

Upward rotation

Question 13

If the primary movement of the shoulder joint is ADduction, what is the secondary movement of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 13

Downward rotation

Question 14

If the primary movement of the shoulder joint is Flexion, what is the secondary movement of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 14

Elevation/upward rotation

Question 15

If the primary movement of the shoulder joint is Extension, what is the secondary movement of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 15

Depression/downward rotation

Question 16

If the primary movement of the shoulder joint is Internal Rotation, what is the secondary movement of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 16

Protraction (ABduction)

Question 17

If the primary movement of the shoulder joint is External Rotation, what is the secondary movement of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 17

Retraction (ADduction)

Question 18

If the primary movement of the shoulder joint is Horizontal ABduction, what is the secondary movement of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 18

Retraction (ADduction)

Question 19

If the primary movement of the shoulder joint is Horizontal ADduction, what is the secondary movement of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 19

Protraction (ABduction)

Question 20

What does scapulohumeral rhythm referring to?

Answer 20

Secondary shoulder girdle motion

Question 21

Concentric muscle contraction

Answer 21

Muscle force>External resistance
Shortening of muscle fibers

Question 22

Eccentric muscle contraction

Answer 22

Muscle force<External resistance
Lengthening of muscle fibers

Question 23

Isometric muscle contraction

Answer 23

Muscle force=External resistance
No change in length of muscle fibers

Question 24

Agonist

Answer 24

Muscle group ACTIVE at start of movement via concentric/eccentric contraction

Question 25

Antagonist

Answer 25

Muscle group performing an action OPPOSITE of the agonist. Passively lengthening ot shortening

Question 26

Neutralizers

Answer 26

Muscles that cancel unwanted action from active agonist or antagonist

Question 27

Stabalizers

Answer 27

Muscles that assist with the stability of a joint

Question 28

What does it mean to have a uni-phasic muscle activation pattern?

Answer 28

Agonist is active during the concentric and eccentric motion (slow up/down)

Question 29

What does it mean to have a bi-phasic muscle activation pattern?

Answer 29

Horizontal motion/potential reactivation of agonist at end

Question 30

What does it mean to have a triphasic muscle activation pattern?

Answer 30

Fast/ballistic movement

Question 31

Ipsilateral

Answer 31

Same side as each other (Left leg and left arm)

Question 32

Unilateral

Answer 32

Only one side of the body (Single leg squat)

Question 33

Bilateral

Answer 33

Both sides of the body (Regular squat)

Question 34

Contralateral

Answer 34

Opposite sides of each other (Right arm and left leg)

Question 35

Pure rotation

Answer 35

Axis does not move linearly

Question 36

Discrete task

Answer 36

Pauses in movement

Question 37

How are the agonist/antagonist affected when a movement is ballistic instead of discrete/uni-phasic?

Answer 37

The agonist in the "up phase" remains the same The antagonist ends up becoming the agonist for the "down phase"

Question 38

General motion

Answer 38

Linear motion

Question 39

How many carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges does a hand have?

Answer 39

Carpals- 8 Metacarpals- 5 Phalanges- 14

Question 40

What plane and axis do shoulder girdle movement happen in?

Answer 40

Frontal plane AP axis

Question 41

Write out the anatomical position for each upper extremity segment in the 3 planes

Answer 41

See screenshot in notes for answer

Question 42

If the agonist is moving concentrically, what is the length change for the antagonist?

Answer 42

Lengthens

Question 43

If the agonist is moving eccentrically, what is the length change for the antagonist?

Answer 43

Shortens

Question 44

Review the muscles

Answer 44

See review key