Lecture16. Prevention, Promotion, Protection Flashcards
(13 cards)
importance of preventing disease
the need for prevention due to limitations in curing disease, cost of medical care
population based strategy
High risk individual strategy
Comparison between high-risk and population strategies
Healthcare services(primary, secondary, tertiary)
primary- gp, pharmacist, physio, community based
Secondary- specialist care(neurologist, dermatologist)
tertiary- hospital based care, rehab
Alma Ata declaration 1978
Declaration for primary health care:
• Protect and promote health of all
• Advocated a health promotion approach to primary care
Prerequisites for health: • Peace and safety from violence • Shelter • Education • Food • Income and economic support • Stable ecosystem and sustainable resources • Social justice and equity
Health promotion
• Acts on determinants of wellbeing
• Health/wellbeing focus
• Enables/empowers people to increase control
over, and improve, their health
• Involves whole population in every day contexts
Ottawa charter
First International Conference on Health Promotion,
Ottawa, 21 November 1986
‘Mobilise action for community development’
The charter acknowledges that health is:
• A fundamental right for everybody
• That it requires both individual and collective
responsibility
• The opportunity to have good health should be equally
available
• And that good health is an essential element of social
and economic development
3 basic strategies in Ottawa Charter
1. ENABLE: To provide opportunities for all individuals to make healthy choices through access to information, life skills and supportive environments (An individual level strategy) 2. ADVOCATE: To create favourable political, economic, social, cultural and physical environments by promoting/ advocating for health and focusing on achieving equity in health (Systems level strategy) 3. MEDIATE: To facilitate/ bring together individuals, groups and parties with opposing interests to work together/ come to a compromise for the promotion of health (A strategy that joins up individuals, groups and systems)
Parts of Building health public policy
- Strengthen community Action
- Develop personal skills
- Create Supportive Environments
- Reorient Health Services towards primary health care
Disease prevention
- Disease focus
- Looks at particular diseases and ways of preventing them( incidence, prevalence, risk factors, impacts)
Health protection
• Predominantly environmental hazard focused
• Risk/Hazard assessment
– Environmental epidemiology
– Safe air and water, biosecurity
• Occupational health & Monitoring
– e.g. safety regulations on work sites
biomarkers of exposure to hazardous substances
• Risk communication
– e.g. relating environmental risks to the public (tsunami
warning)
What part has 3 levels?
disease prevention
primary, secondary, tertiary
