Lectures 1-3 Flashcards
What attributes in the structure of water make molecules hydrophobic?
nonpolar particles
What attributes in the structure of water give a high surface tension?
Molecules being pulled downward/sideward to create a strong cohesive force on the surface layer
What attributes in the structure of water give it a high boiling point?
the higher kinetic energy of the water molecules causes the hydrogen bonds to break completely and allows water molecules to escape into the air as gas
Why does ice float on water?
Ice has a lower density than water due to and has a crystaline structure, separting the molecules further.
What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion and how do they influence equilibrium?
In diffusion, particles move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached. In osmosis, a semipermeable membrane is present, so only the solvent molecules are free to move to equalize concentration
Based on whether a solute dissociates in water (solvent), how will it affect the overall concentration of the solution? Will the concentration increase, decrease, or remain the same?
increase due to the seperation of molecules from dissociation.
What attributes in the structure of water make molecules hydrophilic?
polar particles
What attributes in the structure of water make molecules amphipathic?
Hydrophilic head
Hydrophobic tail
electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom in one polar molecule (as of water) and a small electronegative atom (as of oxygen)
hydrogen bonding
forces acting on surface of a liquid which minimize the surface area
surface tension
3 components of Why water molecules at the surface compressed tightly together?
- kinetic energy
- under surface, molecules pull in all direction
- air-water interface experiences sideward/downward intermolecular forces
What would happen to the water strider if you put it in a beaker of soapy water?
It would sink because the surface tension would be impacted by the amphipathic molecules
why do frozen pipes burst?
water expands as it freezes.
what term describes molecules or ions in solution go from regions of higher to regions of lower ion concentration
diffusion
process of water moving from a region of higher to lower concentration through a selectively water-permiable membrane
osmosis
15 millimolar NaCl (on the left) and 30 millimolar urea (on the right) are separated by a membrane that is permeable only to water. Will water flow?
No because the Osmotic pressure is balances
Which of the following are responsible for hydrophobicity?
charged particles
polar particles
non polar particles
more than one answer is correct
Nonpolar particles
Atoms within a water molecules are linked by which type of bond?
H2 + O
Covalent bonds
Why is water liquid at room temperature?
The room temperature cannot provide sufficient heat for these molecules to overcome their force of attraction and therefore, they remain in the liquid phase.
What are the major organ systems?
Integumentary
musculoskeletal
endocrine
nervous
muscular
circulatory
lymphatic
respiratory
Digestive
urinary
Reproductive
What are the components and function of the integumentary system?
Hair, skin and nails
exterior protection
What are the components and function of the musculoskeletal system?
bones and joints
Structural support and blood cell formation
What are the components and function of the endocrine system?
pineal gland
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
thymus
adrenal gland
pancreas
testis/ovary
Hormonal signaling
What are the components and function of the nervous system?
Brain and spinal chord
detects and processes environmental changes via neural signaling
