Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Prevention Care of Injuries > Lectures 1-4 > Flashcards

Lectures 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Malfeasance?

Legal Consideration

A

Individual commits an act that is not his responsibility to perform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Misfeasance

Legal Consideration

A

Individual commits act that is his responsibility to perform, but uses wrong procedure, or does the procedure wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nonfeasance

Legal Consideration

A

Fail to perform an act that was your responsibility.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gross Negligence

Legal

A

Total disregard of other’s safety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is EAP

A

Emergency Action Plan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A very important aspect of sport EAP (home and visting field)

A

Knowing where the AED machine is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Documentation used for?

A

Protect yourself in case of legal action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

H-SOAPIE

What it stands for

A

History, Subjective, Objective, Analysis, Plan, Interventions, Evaluation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SOIE

What does it stand for

Clinical Charting Follow-ups

A

Subjective, Objective, Interventions, Evaluation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is laxity?

A

Looseness of a limb or muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Elastic Deformation

A

Tissue returns to normal state after the stress is removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Plastic Deformation

A

Tissue is unable to return to normal state once the stress is removed (permanently deformed) -> structural injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Yield Point

A

Stress needed to go from elastic to plastic deformation of a tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rupture Point

A

Complete failure of tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe Shear force

A

forces opposite each other, causing tissue to slide over adjoining surface in parallel fashion

ACL and PCL sprains, brain injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe torsion

A

Twisting mechanism causing rotation along the fixed point

torsion fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Acute vs. Chronic Injury

A

Sudden onset, single traumatic event
VS.
Gradual Onset, repetitive stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Acute Injuries

Contusion

1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree

A

1st - superficial tissue damage
2nd - increased pain due to increase in area and depth of damage
3rd - severe compression resulting in severe pain

Compression of soft tissue due to direct blow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sprain

1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree

A

1st - mild overstretching and mild pain
2nd - partial disruption of ligament, moderate pain
3rd - complete disruption, hard pop, rapid swelling

Injury to ligament or capsule structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Strain

1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree

A

1st - microtearing, mild pain and tenderness
2nd - partial tearing, immediate localized pain
3rd - complete tear, palpable defect

Stretching or tearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Neuralgia

A

pain along the path of a nerve. Compression or chronic inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Neuroma

A

Thickening of nerve due to chronic irritation or inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Inert Vs. Contractile Tissue

A

Ligaments, fasciaes, aponeurosis
vs.
Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fracture Types

TOSSGAFIC

A

Transverse, Oblique, Spiral, Stress, Greenstick, Avulsion, Fissure, Impacted, Comminuted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

Multiple fragments of shattering of the bone at site of injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Avulsion Fracture

A

Pulling away of a piece of bone secondary to tensioning of an attaching ligament, tendon, or muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Fissure Fracture

A

Fracture line not extending through the thickness of the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Greenstick Fracture

A

Incomplete fracture through the bone, mot common in youth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Describe Specificity

A

Ability of a test to correctly identify people without the disease

False positive: no disease found and test is positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Describe Sensitivity

A

ability of a test to identify patients with a certain disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What numbers should look like for

Positive likelihood VS. negative likelihood ratios

A

Numbers should be greater than 10
VS
Numbers less than 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How many muscles touch the scapula?

A

17 = 17 ways something can go wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what seperates the scapula from the clavicle?

A

the AC joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

AC Sprain (seperated shoulder)

Describe it

A

MOI - FOOSH
S/S - keynote deformation, pain on AC, decreased hz add
SP - AC cross-over
Tape - AC tape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

GH Sprain

A

MOI - forceful abd, or hz abd with or without extension

Common, poor stability at the shoulder (shoulder favours mobility)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

GH Sprain

A

MOI - forceful abd, or hz abd with or without extension

Common, poor stability at the shoulder (shoulder favours mobility)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

GH Acute Dislocation

A

MOI:
- Anterior - abd, ext rot, ext
- Posterior - Flex, int rot, and post force
- Inferior - hyperabduction and inferior force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the most common GH doslocation?

Location

A

Anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What does posterior GH dislocation look like?

A

Head of humerus is completely behind the scapula. Looks flat from the front.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Hill-Sachs Lesion

A

Posterior aspect of humeral head’s cartilage suffers small defect because of impact on glenoid fossa as humeral dislocates.

Not a common injury because posterior dislocation is not that common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Usual location of chronic dislocation, and symptoms

A

Anterior dislocation
Dead arm syndrome
(pain, swelling the first few times)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

How to prevent re-injury after first acute dislocation?

A

Immobilize arm in external rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is a test that detects impingement but does not tell you what structure is injured?

A

Hawkins-Kennedy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is a test that detects impingement but does not tell you what structure is injured?

Subacromial

A

Hawkins-Kennedy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What causes tendinitis, bursitis, or impingement in the shoulder?

A

Overuse injury - usually overhead motion

Throwing, swimming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Number of seconds that is considered too long for blood flow to return to the fingers?

A

Past 4 sec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Impingement Syndrome (posterior)

A

Tightness of posterior capsule
Pinching os supraspinatus (or infraspinatus) between humerus and glenoid rim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Biceps Tendonitis

A

MOI - overhead movements that involve excessive elbow flexion such as pitching, javelin throwing
S/S - pain in bicipital groove with int and ext rot
SP- Speed’s test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Clavicular fracture

S/S

A

S/S - shoulder and upper extremity appear much lower than the non-injured side

can be life threatening if posterior displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Scapular Fracture

S/S, RULE OUT

A

S/S- painful abd, individual will want to stay with arm abducted
Rule out - associated rib fracture and pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is considered a full body experience that you wouldn’t expect?

A

Pitching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What should pitchers make it a habit to do after every game?

A

Ice shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

4 joints of the shoulder

A

○ Acromioclavicular
○ Sternoclavicular
○ Glenohumeral
Scapulothoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Ligaments of the AC joints

A

Acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What conditions at the shoulder can be life threatening?

A

Spinal cord injuries and heart attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What are the tests Cozen, Maudsley, and Mill for?

A

Sensitivity and Specificity

Cozen and Maudsley (good sensitivity) Mill for specificity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is the avg carrying angle?

greater in females

A

10-15 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Contusion

A

MOI - direct blow to muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Upper arm

Tackler’s Exostosis

similar to myositis ossificans

A

ectopic boen formation on antero-lateral aspect of the humerus, not infiltrating the muscle tissue
MOI - repeated direct blows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Olecranon bursitis

MOI, Tape

A

MOI - fall on elbow, direct blow
Tape - donut pad

61
Q

Ligamentous injnury

MCL, LCL

A

MOI - direct blow outside of elbow (valgus)
MOI - direct blow to inside of elbow (varus)

62
Q

Elbow Subluxation (radioulnar)

MOI, S/S

A

MOI - longitudinal traction of extended and pronated forearm (getting swung by the arms)
S/S - inability to perform pronation/supination

63
Q

Elbow subluxation is most common in who?

A

Adolescents

64
Q

Evulsion Fracture

A

fracture where tendon or ligament is pulling on the bone

65
Q

Evulsion Fracture

A

fracture where tendon or ligament is pulling on the bone

66
Q

Where is a tendon usually stronger?

A

Near a growth plate

67
Q

Biceps Brachii rupture usually occur where

A

97% are proximal

68
Q

Biceps brachii rupture MOI

A

sudden eccentric load, weight lifting

69
Q

Medial Epicondylitis

A

MOI - repeated stress on wrist flexors

Golfer’s elbow. Or with involvement of the growth plate - little league

70
Q

Little league elbow

What is it

A

Avulsion of the medial epicondyle due to repeated tensile stress from wrist flexors and valgus stress

71
Q

Lateral Epicondylitis

Tennis elbow

A

MOI - repeated stress (eccentric) on common tendon of wrist extensors
SP: Lat epicondylitis test

72
Q

Gamekeeper’s thumb

A

Sprain of the thumb ulnar (medial) collateral ligament
MOI - forceful abd and ext
Tape - thumb taping

73
Q

Interphalangeal collateral ligament sprain

A

MOI - excessive varus/valgus stress and hyperextension
Tape - buddy tape

74
Q

Dislocation of the metacarpals and phalanges

A

MCP = rare MOI - hyperextension or shearing force causes ant capsule to tear

Most common disloction spot is at the proximal interphalangeal joint

75
Q

What is the weakest finger?

A

Ring finger because it does not have the flexor digitorum

76
Q

Scaphoid Fracture

A

MOI - FOOSH
S/S - pain with palpation of anatomical snuffbox

77
Q

What fracture accounts for 60-70% of all carpal bone injuries in general population?

A

Scaphoid Fracture

78
Q

Monteggia’s Fracture

A

Fracture of proximal third of the ulna with an associated dislocation of the radial head

79
Q

Galeazzi’s Fracture

A

Distal radius with associated dislocation or subluxation of the distal radioulnar joint

80
Q

Colles’ Fracture

A

Distal metaphysis of the radius, with displacement of the distal fragment dorsally

81
Q

Smith’s Fracture

A

distal radius with displacement of the distal fragment towards the palmar aspect

82
Q

Lunate Fracture/ Kienbock’s Disease

A

Fracture of lunate bone that can present with minimal pain because of the amount of cartilage surrounding it.
MOI - FOOSH

Hard to diagnose

83
Q

Bennett’s Fracture

A

Articular fracture of proximal end of first metacarpal
MOI - axial compression

84
Q

Avascular necrosis description

A

dark area showing that the bone is dying

tx - reattachment of the bone

85
Q

Boxer’s Fracture

A

distal epiphysis of 4th or 5th metacarpal
MOI - punch (poor technique or against very hard surface)

86
Q

Phalangeal fracture

A

MOI - direct blow or hyperextension

87
Q

What does the Rectus Femoris corss?

A

The hip joint

88
Q

Hip Pointer

What is it

A

Contusion of the iliac crest (looks bruised)
MOI - blunt trauma to the iliac crest
Tape - donut pad

89
Q

Quad Contusion

A

Bruising of quad muscle

90
Q

Myositis Ossificans

A

Abnormal ossification (bone formation) within quad muscle tissue
S/S - palpable mass within muscle tissue

91
Q

How cna you prevent myositis ossificans/.

A

no massage, heat, stretching 72 hours post injury to quads

92
Q

Greater trochanteric bursitis

A

Between greater trochanter and gluteus maximus
s/s burning, aching pain over posterior to tip of g trochanter

93
Q

Iliopsoas bursitis

A

Inflammation in the joint due to degeneration can cause the bursitis
s/s - pain medial and anterior to the joint, not easily palpated

94
Q

Ischial Bursitis

What causes it

A

Direct fall on ischium, prolonged sitting, especially with leg crossed

95
Q

Hip Flexor Strain

MOI, Tape

A

MOI - overuse, quick hip flexion or sudden stretch
Tape - hip spica

96
Q

What is the trendelenburg test?

A

Assessment of capacity of gluteus medius to stabilize pelvis

One leg, look for contralateral drop of pelvis

97
Q

Avulsion Fracture

A

Rapid sudden acceleration or deceleration (strong muscle contraction)

98
Q

Femoral Fracture

A

MOI - tremendous impact forces

Potentially life threatening

99
Q

Femoral Fracture s/s

Displaced vs. Non-displaced

A

severe pain, swelling, shortened limb deformity
vs.
pain on palpation, muscle weakness and spasms

100
Q

Stress Fracture

Common locations, risk factors

A
  • Pubis, femoral neck
  • sudden increase in training load, change in running surface, improper footwear
101
Q

Pelvis Fracture

A

Sacrum, pelvis ring, iliac crest

102
Q

What should be treated as a spinal injury even though it is located in the hip?

A

Pelvis fracture

103
Q

Why is the hamstring the most strained muscle of the body?

A

Biarticular, and sustains lots of eccentric forces

104
Q

Eccentric Force

A

A force that does not pass through the centre of gravity of the body on which it acts or through a point at which the body is fixed.

105
Q

If not treated appropriately, what condition can a quads contusion develop into?

A

Myositis Ossificans

106
Q

What restricts posterior displacement of tibia on the femur?

A

ACL

107
Q

What type of nerves on the leg once compressed can could lead to neurological deficit in the lower leg?

A

Superficial nerves

108
Q

Bursa

What is it

A

Fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between muscles/tendons and bones

109
Q

MOI Bursitis

A

Prepatellar - direct blow (most superficial)
Deep infrapatellar - overuse (quad friction)
Pes anserine - overuse
Semimembranosus - tight hammy
Suprapatellar - secondary to knee inflammation
Subcutaneous infrapatellar - other knee injuries

110
Q

Tx of Bursitis includes

A

RICE
Mod of activites

111
Q

Screw-home mechanism

A

Screw home mechanism (SHM) of knee joint is a critical mechanism that play an important role in terminal extension of the knee.

112
Q

PCL Sprain

A

MOI - fall on knee/hyperflexion
Symptoms will worsen over time

113
Q

MCL Sprains

A

get tackled outside the knee while your foot is planted.
Grade 1 and 2 do not involve mensicus
Grade 3 does

Valgus stress

114
Q

Dynamic knee valgus

A

caused by the lack of strength and control of your hip and knee muscles. Research has shown that increased dynamic knee valgus increases your risk of ACL injuries and other lower leg injuries

115
Q

LCL Sprains

A

Impact to inside of the knee with foot grounded
Grade 3 is where 50% of patients will develop OA

Varus Stress

116
Q

Which meniscus is bigger the lateral or medial?

A

Lateral

117
Q

What type of injury are tears most associated with?

A

ACL injuries

118
Q

MOI of meniscal injuries

A

twisting with compression and flexion or involved with MCL injury

119
Q

List the meniscus tear types

A

Vertical longitudinal, vertical radial, oblique, bucket handle, horizontal,

Tx is surgery mainly

120
Q

Patellofemoral stress syndrome

Also called lateral patellar compression syndrome

A

possible causes - tight quads, weak quads, weak glutes
s/s - dull, aching pain under knee cap that increases with activity

121
Q

Chondromalacia

A

Cartilage degeneration of the knee cap

seen on x-ray and MRIs

122
Q

Patellar dislocations

A

lateral dislocation of the knee cap due to imbalance

123
Q

Patellar Dislocation

A

immediate treatment - > immobilize send to ER

124
Q

What is another name for Jumper’s knee?

A

Patellar Tendinitis

125
Q

Patellar tendinites

A

Inflammation of patellar tendoncaused by excessive running and/or jumping
s/s pain after or with activtiy, decreased quad flexibility, pain with end range knee flexion
eccentric quad strengthening

126
Q

Extensor tendon rupture (quad)

A

MOI - powerful muscle contraction
S/S - patella can appear higher (superior) compared to the opposite side if the rupture is inferior to the patella

127
Q

Iliotibial band (ITB) friction syndrome

A

Tight TFL/ITB causes friction of the ITB on lateral femoral condyle

128
Q

Plantar Fascitis

A

Overuse injury that is common in runners
MOI - factors affecting risk: pes cavus or planus, improper footwear, reduced flexibility of plantar muscles and calf, improper running pattern
s/s - pain underneath the foot or medial heel at the first step in the morning

129
Q

What is the most common injury of all the sports?

A

Lateral ankle sprain

130
Q

Lateral Ankle Sprain

A

MOI - forceful inversion
S/S - swelling around lateral malleolus, point tenderness on ligaments, can’t bear weight on injured side
SP - medial talar tilt/anterior drawer

q

131
Q

What is the most sprained ligament?

A

Anterior Talofibular (ATFL)

Anterior drawer tests specifically for ATFL

132
Q

Medial Ankle Sprain

A

MOI - forceful eversion
S/S - swelling around medial malleolus
SP - lateral talar tilt

133
Q

Syndesmosis Sprain

High ankle sprain

A

MOI - dosiflexion and eversion
s/s - extreme tenderness on distal anterior tibiofibular lig.

134
Q

Predictors of Ankle Sprains

A

People with inflexible ankles, more eversion increases risk for inversion sprain

135
Q

Avulsion Fracture

A

A piece of bone chipped away with the ligament

136
Q

Avulsion of deltoid ligament from the medial malleolus

Term

A

Medial Ankle Sprain

137
Q

Avulsion of peroneus brevis tendon from the 5th metatarsal

A

Lateral Ankle Sprain

138
Q

Gastrocnemius Strain

A

Stretching of muscular fiber of the calf muscle
MOI - forced dorsiflexion with extended knee or forced knee extension with dorsiflexed ankle
Muscular fatigue resulting in muscle cramps
S/S - decreased strength in plantar flexion, decreased flexibility in dorsiflexion, tenderness on muscle belly
T - strain tape

139
Q

Achilles Tendinopathy

MOI, Risk Factors

A

MOI - overuse
Risk Factors - improper footwear, foot misalignment, change in exercise environment
S/S - decreased in plantar flexion, decreased flexibility in dorsiflexion, pain in tendon

140
Q

Achilles tendon rupture

A

MOI - muscular contraction while stretching, knee extended
S/S - pop, visible defect in the tendon, inability to do plantar flexion on walk on tip of toes, feeling of being shot in the leg

141
Q

Most severe acute muscular injury

A

Achilles tendon rupture

142
Q

Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS)

A

Shin splints
S/S - pain on the medial side of the tibia, increased with running, trigger points at the insertion of the soleus on the medial tibia
T - shin splint tape with foam compression

143
Q

Stress Fracture

A

Often in running and jumping
Risk Factor: increased in mileage, change in surface or shoe

144
Q

Syndesmosis Sprain

A

Sprain between the tibia and fibula

Seperation caused by dorsiflexion and eversion

144
Q

Syndesmosis Sprain

A

Sprain between the tibia and fibula

Seperation caused by dorsiflexion and eversion

145
Q

Ottawa ankle rules

When would you send a patient to the emergency room for ankle x-rays?

A

Pain with palpation of the distal posterior 6 cm of tibia or fibula
Inability to BW for 4 steps

146
Q

Ottawa ankle rules

Send to emergency room for midfoot x-rays?

A

Pain with palpation of base of 5th metatarsal or navicular bone
Inability to BW for 4 steps

147
Q

What does the Ottawa ankle rules not guarantee even if it is positive?

A

Does not mean there is a fracture

148
Q

What movements are likely to be limited with a medial ankle sprain?

A

Eversion

Prevention Care of Injuries (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions