Lectures 1-4 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are normative ethical theories?
Theories of how we ought to act and what is considered morally acceptable
What are descriptive theories?
Describe how ethical decisions are made in business
What is ethical absolutism?
Universally applicable moral rules (De George)
What is ethical relativism?
Ethics and morality differ depending on context such as culture age and gender. It varys across time and place.
What are the two consequentialist theories?
Utilitarianism and ethical egoism
What are the 5 main non-consequentialist theories?
Divine command theories, kants ethics of duties, virtue ethics, justice approach and rights approach
What is utilitarianism?
It sees action as being morally correct if they do the most amount of good for the most amount of people. It uses cost benefit analysis to weigh up the situation. JEREMY BENTHAM AND JOHN STUART MILLS
What is ethical egoism?
Where you only look after number one and don’t think about anyone else. Does this theory actually encourage morality as it doesn’t prompt people to think about the people around them and those who may be affected by their actions.
What is the definition of ethical theories?
Ethical theories are the rules and principles that determine right and wrong for any given situation. CRANE AND MATTEN
What is business ethics?
The study of business situations, activities and decisions where issues of right and wrong are addressed. CRANE
What is sustainability?
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
What are divine command theories?
These are actions that are commanded by god and based on faith and biblical scripture.
What is the ethics of duty?
It is using human reasoning to derive what is wrong and right. Being ethical is acting for reasons of principle and human dignity. KANT
What is ethics of rights?
Certain human rights are universal and exist to everyone regardless of religion or culture etc. Being ethical means that you respect peoples human rights. Everyone has the same human rights and can’t sign them away. JOHN LOCKE
What is ethics of justice?
Fair and equal distribution of resources for all (distributive) and fairness of processes in which decisions are made (procedural). ROBERT NOZICK AND JOHN RAWLS
What are virtue ethics?
Good personal qualities are what make people ethical. Plato and Aristotle claim wisdom, courage, self control and justice are good virtues. A virtuitous person displays these things in a balanced manner and honesty, fairness, trust and toughness are virtues of managers. SOLOMAN
What are the main individual influences on ethical decision making?
Gender, age, education, cultural and national standing and psychological factors.
What is meant by moral disengagement?
Ethical values that usually apply to someone in a certain situation don’t anymore. Moral justification, euphemistic labelling, displacement and diffusion of responsibility and dehumanization.
What are the three stages of Kohlbergs moral development?
Pre conventional, conventional and post conventional
What is whistleblowing?
When an employee of a company goes beyond their duties to report something that the company is doing that may be of public interest. This can have an effect on their job though it isn’t illegal
What are some situational influences on an individual’s edm?
Influence of leadership, magnitude of consequences, social consensus, probability of effect, temporal immediacy, proximity and concentration of effect
What is obedience to authority?
Says that people will obey even the most obscure of instructions if the come from an authority figure. STANLEY MILGRAM
What is an ethical culture or climate within a business?
This is the level of ethics or morals within a company and how the company choses to operate be it ethically or unethically
