Lectures 10-11

Question 1

What is genetics?

Answer 1

Study of heredity and variation of inherited characteristics

Question 2

What is the blending of inheritance?

Answer 2

Offspring have traits that are a blend of parent’s traits

Question 3

What did Mendel hypothesize about inheritance?

Answer 3

A ‘particulate’ unit of inheritance - genes

Question 4

Define a gene.

Answer 4

Portion of DNA within a chromosome that contains info to specify/influence a trait

Question 5

What does monogenic mean?

Answer 5

One gene governs a trait

Question 6

What does polygenic mean?

Answer 6

Multiply genes govern a trait

Question 7

What is a chromosome?

Answer 7

Unit of DNA that contains many genes

Question 8

How many genes does chromosome 9 have?

Answer 8

800 genes

Question 9

What are diploids?

Answer 9

2 homologs of each chromosome/2 of each gene (can be identical or not)

Question 10

Define allele.

Answer 10

Each version of a gene

Question 11

What does homozygous mean?

Answer 11

Allele on each chromosome is the same

Question 12

What does heterozygous mean?

Answer 12

Allele on each chromosome is different

Question 13

What is a genotype?

Answer 13

A set of alleles carried by an individual (e.g., Pp)

Question 14

What is a phenotype?

Answer 14

Physical trait from a genotype (e.g., purple flower)

Question 15

What are true-breeding organisms?

Answer 15

Organisms that always show a particular phenotype in every generation

Question 16

What is the parental generation in genetics?

Answer 16

Parents in original cross (P0)

Question 17

What is the first filial generation?

Answer 17

Offspring of parental generation (F1)

Question 18

What is the second filial generation?

Answer 18

Offspring of F1 (F2)

Question 19

What are monohybrid crosses?

Answer 19

Parents that are only different in 1 trait

Question 20

What are dihybrid crosses?

Answer 20

Parents that are only different in 2 traits

Question 21

In a monohybrid cross, what is the F2 generation’s genotypic ratio?

Answer 21

1:2:1

Question 22

In a monohybrid cross, what is the F2 generation’s phenotypic ratio?

Answer 22

3:1

Question 23

What is the Law of Segregation?

Answer 23

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes segregate during anaphase 1

Question 24

What is required for simple Mendelian inheritance to occur?

Answer 24

Each trait is governed by a single gene

Question 25

Fill in the blank: Incomplete dominance occurs when parents with 2 different phenotypes can produce offspring with a _______.

Answer 25

third phenotype

Question 26

What is codominance?

Answer 26

Heterozygote will have both phenotypes

Question 27

What are the blood types controlled by in humans?

Answer 27

3 alleles of ABO gene (or I gene)

Question 28

What does the IA allele cause?

Answer 28

Pattern of glycosylation of RBCs - type A

Question 29

What does the IB allele cause?

Answer 29

Different pattern of glycosylation of RBCs - type B

Question 30

What does the Ii allele cause?

Answer 30

No pattern of glycosylation of RBCs - type O

Question 31

What does the I gene code for?

Answer 31

An enzyme (a glycosyltransferase)

Question 32

What is the result of the R allele in flower color genetics?

Answer 32

Makes higher anthocyanin production

Question 33

What is the result of the W allele in flower color genetics?

Answer 33

Almost no anthocyanin production