Lectures

Question 1

Which system in the brain is related to the piriform cortex?

Answer 1

The limbic system (memory and emotion)

Question 2

Are humans better at odour intensity detection or discrimination

Answer 2

We are better at the discrimination of odours

Question 3

How do you call the smell from the external world?

Answer 3

Orthonasal smell

Question 4

How do you call the smell from the mouth?

Answer 4

Retronasal smell

Question 5

Is orthonasal or retronasal smell weaker?

Answer 5

The retronasal smell is a bit weaker.

Question 6

How do you call somebody with full olfactory dysfunction?

Answer 6

An anosmic

Question 7

How do you call somebody with decreased smell?

Answer 7

A hypnosmic

Question 8

What are two interactions with odour?

Answer 8

The odour of strawberry can increase taste perception

Also other way around

Question 9

What are the two functions of taste?

Answer 9

Gatekeeper and nutrient detection

Question 10

Which papillae are located at the back of the tongue? And how many taste buds do they have?

Answer 10

Circumvallate papillae, 1000+

Question 11

Which papillae are located at the sides of the tongue? And how many taste buds do they have?

Answer 11

Foliate papillae, 100-1000

Question 12

Which papillae are located at the front of the tongue? And how many taste buds do they have?

Answer 12

Fungiform papillae, a few

Question 13

How many taste receptor cells are there in one taste bud?

Answer 13

About 50

Question 14

What is the labelled line theory?

Answer 14

Each tastant has its own receptor and own dedicated nerve fiber to the brain

Question 15

What is the across fibre pattern?

Answer 15

One nerve fibre can carry information of multiple tastants to the brain. TRC can also bind multiple tastants, or only one.

Question 16

Which receptors bind with sweet and umami?

Answer 16

The T1R family
Sweet: T1R2 & T1R3
Umami: T1R1 & T1R3

Question 17

What receptors bind with bitter tastes?

Answer 17

The T2R family, 30 varieties.

Question 18

By what way does the body detect salt and sour?

Answer 18

By specialized ion channels

Question 19

What is the name of the CN 7?

Answer 19

Chorda tympani

Question 20

What is the name of the CN 9?

Answer 20

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 21

What is the name of the CN 10?

Answer 21

Vagal nerve

Question 22

In which part of the brain can you distinguish the different tastes?

Answer 22

In the insula (which is part of the primary taste cortex)

Question 23

What is taste blindness, and what is the most common form?

Answer 23

Unable to perceive a specific taste

Insensitivity to PTC/PROP genes for bitter compounds

Question 24

What is mouthfeel called?

Answer 24

Rheology

Question 25

What does texture have interaction with?

Answer 25

Liking (cherry gummies), taste and odour (less sour perception with higher viscosity)

Question 26

What is colour also called?

Answer 26

Hue

Question 27

What is the difference of a colour from grey also called?

Answer 27

Saturation

Question 28

What is light vs dark colour called?

Answer 28

lightness

Question 29

What is the main type of colour blindness?

Answer 29

To miss the medium wavelength cone cells, you can't see green.

Question 30

What determines the level of cloudiness, and what is another word for cloudiness?

Answer 30

The amount of light scattering causes turbidity

Question 31

What determines the level of glossiness?

Answer 31

Light reflectance

Question 32

What determines the level of translucence?

Answer 32

Light transmitting

Question 33

What are the interactions of colour with other senses?

Answer 33

With odour (white and red wine/ odour intensity of strawberry)