lectures 16-17

Question 1

invadopodium

Answer 1

degrade basement membranes

Question 2

tumor growth requirements (4):

Answer 2

1. multiple mutations
2. blood supply
3. invasion of tissues
4. metastasize

Question 3

colorectal cancer development steps:

Answer 3

1. APC tumor suppressor mutation = polyp
2. k-ras oncogene activated
3. p53 tumor suppressor lost

Question 4

protooncogene -> oncogene:

Answer 4

-gain-of-function

Question 5

cancer requirements:

Answer 5

-protooncogene w/ gain of function
-tumor suppressor w/ loss of function

Question 6

HER2 -> NEU oncoprotein

Answer 6

-val -> glu
-dimerize w/o ligand

Question 7

EGF -> ErbB oncoprotein

Answer 7

-LBD deleted, no cytosolic domain
-dimerize without ligand

Question 8

Ras/MAP kinase pathway cancer mutations (3)

Answer 8

-Ras
-ERK (MapK)
-transcription factors

Question 9

c-fos/c-myc characteristics

Answer 9

-protooncogenes
-gain of function = oncogenes

Question 10

burkitts lymphoma

Answer 10

-c-myc moved to chromosome 14, close to enhancer

Question 11

G1/S transition regulation proteins (3)

Answer 11

1. Rb/E2F
2. CDK2/4-CyclinD/E
3. p21, p15 CDK inhibitors

Question 12

TGF-B function

Answer 12

inhibit cell proliferation, control cell growth

Question 13

Smad function

Answer 13

-promote CDK inhibitor translation

Question 14

TGF-B pathway:

Answer 14

1. TGF-B bind receptor
2. active receptor activates and phosphorylates SMAD
3. SMAD translocate to nucleus
4. promote expression of p15 inhibitor

Question 15

MDM enzyme & function

Answer 15

-ubiquitin protein ligase
-ubiquitinate p53

Question 16

p14ARF function

Answer 16

sequester MDM2 in nucleus so it can’t access p53 to degrade

Question 17

p53 domains

Answer 17

-degradation domain
-DNA-binding domain
-transactivation domain