Lecturio 3. Ectoderm Derivatives and Neurulation

Question 1

Which state is the embryo in during neurulation?

Answer 1

The Embryo is now in a trilaminar state.

Question 2

Ectoderm folds to create ____

Question 3

Endoderm folds to create ____

Question 4

1. ____ folds to create central nervous system and skin
2. ____ differentiates into somites, intermediate mesoderm, and lateral plate mesoderm
3. ____ folds to create the lining of the gut tube

Answer 4

1. Ectoderm
2. Mesoderm
3. Endoderm

Question 5

Formation of the Neural Tube

→ IDENTIFY

Answer 5

Question 6

Formation of the Neural Tube

What are the three embryonic germ layers originated from the epiblast?

Answer 6

ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Question 7

Formation of the Neural Tube

Mesoderm subdivided into ____ (3)

Answer 7

paraxial mesoderm, intermediate mesoderm, and lateral plate mesoderm

Question 8

Formation of the Neural Tube

Mesoderm subdivided into paraxial mesoderm, intermediate mesoderm, and lateral plate mesoderm

→ lateral plate mesoderm develops into ___

Answer 8

• supporting tissues of GI tract
• Body wall
• Limbs

Question 9

Formation of the Neural Tube

Mesoderm subdivided into paraxial mesoderm, intermediate mesoderm, and lateral plate mesoderm

→ intermediate mesoderm develops into ___

Answer 9

Urogenital system

Question 10

Formation of the Neural Tube

Signals from ____ drive changes in the nearby tissues.

Answer 10

the notochord

Question 11

Formation of the Neural Tube

Ectoderm overlying the notochord thickens

→ ____ develops on the midline

Answer 11

neural groove

Question 12

Formation of the Neural Tube

Day 20: neural folds on either side of the neural groove (1)___ and (2)____ each other

Answer 12

1. enlarge
2. approach

Question 13

Formation of the Neural Tube

Day 20: ____ on either side of the neural groove enlarge and approach each other

Answer 13

neural folds

Question 14

Formation of the Neural Tube

→ IDENTIFY

Answer 14

Question 15

Formation of the Neural Tube

How is the neural tube formed?

Answer 15

Both neural folds begin to fuse, create the neural tube

Question 16

Formation of the Neural Tube

Day 21: Both folds begin to fuse, create the neural tube; will become _____

Answer 16

the central nervous system, composed of the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord

Question 17

Formation of the Neural Tube

Development of the nervous system is linked to the development of _____

Answer 17

the musculoskeletal system, particularly the spinal cord

Question 18

Neural Tube and Neural Crest Cells

___ closes above the neural tube, enclosing the tube within the mesoderm just dorsal to the notochord.

Answer 18

The surface ectoderm

Question 19

Neural Tube and Neural Crest Cells

The surface ectoderm closes above ____, enclosing the tube within the mesoderm just dorsal to the notochord.

Answer 19

the neural tube

Question 20

Neural Tube and Neural Crest Cells

The surface ectoderm closes above the neural tube, enclosing the tube within ____ just dorsal to the notochord.

Answer 20

the mesoderm

Question 21

Neural Tube and Neural Crest Cells

The surface ectoderm closes above the neural tube, enclosing the tube within the mesoderm just dorsal to ___

Answer 21

the notochord.

Question 22

Neural Tube and Neural Crest Cells

→ Identify

Answer 22

Question 23

Neural Tube and Neural Crest Cells

→ identify

Answer 23

Question 24

Neural Tube and Neural Crest Cells

How is the neural crest formed?

Answer 24

It is formed by a set of ectodermal cells that move into the mesoderm on either side of the neural tube

Question 25

**Neural Tube and Neural Crest Cells** **→ IDENTIFY**

Answer 25

Question 26

**Neural Tube and Neural Crest Cells** **→ IDENTIFY**

Answer 26

Question 27

**Cranial and Caudal Neuropores** Day 22: Neural folds begin “zipping” together near the middle of the embryo → neural tube closes ____ (positions of embryo)

Answer 27

cranially and caudally

Question 28

**Cranial and Caudal Neuropores** Day 22: Neural folds begin “zipping” together near \_\_\_\_ → neural tube closes cranially and caudally

Answer 28

the middle of the embryo

Question 29

**Cranial and Caudal Neuropores** Day 22: ___ begin “zipping” together near the middle of the embryo → neural tube closes cranially and caudally

Answer 29

Neural folds

Question 30

**Cranial and Caudal Neuropores** **→ Identify**

Answer 30

Question 31

**Cranial and Caudal Neuropores** **→ Identify**

Answer 31

Question 32

**Cranial and Caudal Neuropores** Leaves (exit from) (1)\_\_\_\_ and (2)\_\_\_ that are open to the amnion; will also close and enclose neural tube

Answer 32

1. **cranial neuropore** 2. a **caudal neuropore**

Question 33

**Cranial and Caudal Neuropores** * Cranial portion of neural tube: enlarges to become \_\_\_ * Caudal portion of neural tube: remains tubular, becomes \_\_\_\_

Answer 33

* the [brain](https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/general-structure-of-the-nervous-system/) * the [spinal cord](https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/spinal-cord/)

Question 34

**Cranial and Caudal Neuropores** **→ identify**

Answer 34

Question 35

**Cranial and Caudal Neuropores** **→ identify**

Answer 35