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Anatomy Y2 > Leg > Flashcards

Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Is the soleal line of tibia on the posterior or anterior side?

A

Posterior side

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2
Q

Is the groove for tibias posterior on the anterior or posterior side of the tibia?

A

Posterior, distal end

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3
Q

The groove for which muscle tendons are on the posterior distal side of the fibula?

A

Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis

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4
Q

How many apertures are present on the interosseus membrane between the tibia and fibula?

A

2

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5
Q

What vessel passes through the proximal aperture of the interosseus membrane?

A

Anterior tibial artery

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6
Q

Which vessels pass through the distal aperture of the interosseus membrane?

A

Distal perforating branch of the fibular artery

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7
Q

Which leg bone makes up the medial malleolus?

A

Tibia

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8
Q

Which leg bone makes up the lateral malleolus?

A

Fibula

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9
Q

Is there muscle on the anterior surface of the tibia?

A

NO! This is why it hurts when pressure is put on the shin

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10
Q

What is the intersondylar eminence on the tibia?

A

Roughened area between the condyles of the tibia - fits into the intercondylar fossa of the femur

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11
Q

Name the 2 ligaments on the distal part of the tibia and femur

A

Anterior tibiofibular ligament
Posterior tibiofibular ligament

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12
Q

How many tarsal bones are there in the foot?

A

7

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13
Q

Name the tarsal bones of the foot

A

Calcaneous
Talus
Cuboid
Navicular
Medial cruneiform
Intermediate cruneiform
Lateral cruneiform

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14
Q

Which tarsal bone forms the ankle joint?

A

Talus

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15
Q

What us the name of the articulation point of talus with the tibia and fibula?

A

Trochlea

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16
Q

What us the name of the articulation point of talus with the tibia and fibula?

A

Trochlea

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17
Q

For which muscle does the cuboid have a groove for?

A

Fibularis longus

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18
Q

Which carpal bone has a groove for flexor hallucis longus?

A

Calcaneous

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19
Q

What type of flexion is occurring if the toes are pointed down?

A

Plantar flexion

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20
Q

What type of flexion is occurring if the toes are pointed up?

A

Dorsi flexion

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21
Q

What dermatomes are tested in plantar flexion?

A

S1+2

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22
Q

Whys is dorsi flexion more stable than plantar flexion?

A

The articular surfaces of the talus are narrower on the anterior part than the posterior part. This means that the medial and lateral malleolus can grip the talus stronger during dorsiflexion than plantarflexion.

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22
Q

Whys is dorsi flexion more stable than plantar flexion?

A

The articular surfaces of the talus are narrower on the anterior part than the posterior part. This means that the medial and lateral malleolus can grip the talus stronger during dorsiflexion than plantarflexion.

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23
Q

How many ligaments join the fibula and the talus?

A

3

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24
Name the 3 ligaments joining the lateral malleolus and talus?
Anterior talofibular Posterior talofibular Calcaneofibular
25
How many ligaments join the talus and medial malleolus?
5
26
Name the 5 ligaments joining the talus and medial malleolus?
Anterior tibiotalar Posterior tibiotalar Tibionavicular Tibiocalcaneal Spring ligament (Plantar calcaneonavicular)
27
Name 2 movements of the ankle
Inversion/Eversion Pronation/Supination (moving foot left and right)
28
What causes ankle pain?
Torn ligaments on a weightbeaaring plantar flexed foot
29
What are the 3 compartments of the leg?
Posterior Anterior Lateral
30
Which compartments of the leg are ventral muscles?
Posterior
31
Which compartments oft he leg are dorsal muscles?
Anterior Lateral
32
What is the function of the crural fascia?
Limits outward movement of muscles and aids the blood flow upwards
33
List what is found in the anterior compartment of the leg
Dorsiflexors Toe extensors Inverters Deep fibular nerve Anterior tibial artery
34
List what is found in the posterior compartment of the leg
Plantarflexors Toe flexors Inverters Tibial nerve Posterior tibial artery
35
List what is found in the lateral compartment of the leg
Everters Superficial fibular nerve Perforating branches of anterior tibial and fibular arteries
36
How many muscles are in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the leg?
3
37
Name the 3 muscles in the superficial part of the posterior compartment of the leg
Gastrocnemius Plantaris Soleus
38
Why are the superficial muscles of posterior compartment of leg also called triceps surae?
Because they all insert together as the achilles tendon
39
What is the origin of gastrocnemius?
Posterior surface of distal femur above medial condyle (medial head) Lateral femoral condyle (lateral head)
40
What is the insertion of gastrocnemius?
Calcaneous tendon onto calcaneus
41
What innervates gastrocnemius?
Tibial nerve
42
What is the action of gastrocnemius?
Flexion of knee Plantar flexion of foot
43
Which fatigues easier, gastrocnemius or soleus?
Gastrocnemius fatigues easier
44
What is the origin of plantaris?
Inferior lateral supracondylar line and popliteal tendon
45
What is the insertion of plantaris?
Calcaneous tendon onto calcaneous
46
What innervates plantaris?
Tibial nerve
47
What is the action of plantaris?
Flexes knee and plantarflexes the foot
48
What is the origin of soleus?
Soleal line Tendinous arch on posterior fibula
49
What is the insertion of soleus?
Calcaneous tendon onto calcaneous
50
What innervates soleus?
Tibial nerve
51
What is the action of soleus?
Plantarflexion of the foot
52
Outline how the soleus muscle can be tested in isolation
Plantarflexion against resistance whilst knee is bent 90 degrees (soleus does not act on knee)
53
How many muscles are in the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the leg?
4
54
Name the 4 deep muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg
Popliteus Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus
55
What is the origin of tibialis posterior?
Posterior surface of interosseus membrane and adjacent tibia and fibula
56
What is the insertion of tibialis posterior?
Navicular and medial cruneiform
57
What innervates tibialis posterior?
Tibial nerve
58
What is the action of tibialis posterior?
Plantarflexion Inversion of foot Supports medial arch
59
What is the origin of flexor hallucis longus?
Posterior fibular and interosseus membrane
60
What is the insertion of flexor hallucinations longus?
Plantar surface of the distal phalanx of digit 1
61
What innervates flexor hallucis longus?
Tibial nerve
62
What is the action of flexor hallucis longus?
Flexion of the big toe
63
What is the origin of flexor digitorum longus?
Posterior tibia
64
What is the insertion of flexor digitorum longus?
Plantar surface of distal phalanges digits 2-5
65
What innervates flexor digitorum longus?
Tibial nerve
66
What is the action of flexor digitorum longus?
Flexion of the 4 lateral toes
67
How many muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?
4
68
Name the 4 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus Fibularis tertius
69
What is the origin of tibialis anterior?
Lateral tibia and interosseus membrane
70
What is the insertion of tibialis anterior?
Medial cruneiform and base of metatarsal 1
71
What innervates tibialis anterior?
Deep fibular nerve
72
What is the action of tibialis anterior?
Dorsiflexion Inversion Supports medial arch
73
What is the origin of extensor digitorum longus?
Medial surface of proximal fibula and lateral tibial condyle
74
What is the insertion of extensor digitorum longus?
Dorsal expansions of distal and middle phalanges of digit 2-5
75
What is the innervation of extensor digitorum longus?
Deep fibular nerve
76
What is the action of extensor digitorum longus?
Extension of digits 2-5 Dorsiflexion
77
What is the origin of extensor hallucis longus?
Medial surface of middle fibula and interosseus membrane
78
What is the insertion of extensor hallucis longus?
Dissal surface of the base of distal phalanx of digit 1
79
What is the action of extensor hallucis longus?
Extension of big toe Dorsiflexion
80
What is the origin of fibularis tertius?
Distal medial surface of fibula
81
What is the insertion of fibularis tertius?
Dorsomedial surface of the base of metacarpal 5
82
What innervates fibularis tertius?
Deep fibular nerve
83
What is the action of fibularis tertius?
Dorsiflexion Eversion of foot
84
What is the action of fibularis tertius?
Dorsiflexion Eversion of foot
85
Which 2 muscles of the anterior compartment of leg are more deep than the other 2?
Extensor hallucis longus and fibularis tertius are deep to tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus
86
How many muscles are part of the lateral compartment of the leg?
2
87
Name the 2 muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg
Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis
88
What is the origin of fibularis longus?
Upper lateral surface of fibula
89
What is the insertion of fibularis longus?
Plantar surface of medial cruneiform and metatarsal 1
90
What innervates fibularis longus?
Superficial fibular nerve
91
What is the action of fibularis longus?
Eversion of foot Plantar flexion Supports arches
92
What is the origin of fibularis brevis?
Lower lateral surface of fibula shaft
93
What is the insertion of fibularis brevis?
Base of metatarsal 5
94
What innervates fibularis brevis?
Superficial fibular nerve
95
What is the action of fibularis brevis?
Eversion of foot
96
Does fibularis longus move on the dorsal or plantar surface of the foot?
Reaches medial cruneiform from the plantar surface of the foot
97
Which muscle forms a tendinous arch on the posterior side of the leg?
Soleus
98
What does the popliteal artery divide into after the tendinous arch?
Anterior and Posterior tibial arteries
99
How does the anterior tibial artery move to the anterior side of the leg?
It moves through a hole in the upper interosseus membrane
100
What branch does the posterior tibial artery give off?
Fibular artery
101
What artery joins the anterior tibial artery at the distal end of the tibia?
Perforating branch of the fibular artery joins the anterior tibial artery
101
What artery joins the anterior tibial artery at the distal end of the tibia?
Perforating branch of the fibular artery joins the anterior tibial artery
102
What angle does the anterior tibial artery have to move in order to pass through the tendinous arch?
Almost a 90 degree angle
103
Which artery travels to the tarsal tunnel?
Posterior tibial artery
104
What branches does the anterior tibial artery give off after the branch of fibular artery joins?
Divides into anterior medial malleolar artery Anterior lateral malleolar artery
105
What is the name of the continuation of the anterior tibial artery supplying the foot?
Dorsalis pedis
106
Where can posterior tibial artery by palpated?
Through the flexor retinaculum between the medial malleolus and calcaneous
107
Where can dorsals pedis be palpated?
Dorsal surface of foot between tendons of extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus
108
Blood always from from the superficial veins to the ____ veins
Deep
109
Which nerve innervates entire posterior compartment of leg?
Tibial nerve
110
What 2 branches come off the tibial nerve?
Sural nerve Medial calcaneal nerve
111
Does the tibial nerve pass through the tarsal tunnel?
Yes!
112
What does the sural nerve innervate?
Skin on lower posterolateral leg Lateral side of foot
113
What does the medial calcaneal nerve innervate?
Skin on medial foot and sole
114
What branches does the common fibular nerve divide into?
Deep fibular nerve Superficial fibular nerve
115
What does the deep fibular nerve innervate?
Anterior compartment of leg Extensor digitorum brevis 2 dorsal interossei Triangle of skin between first and second toe
116
What does the superficial fibular nerve innervate?
Lateral compartment of leg Dorsal foot
117
From which nerve do the medial and lateral plantar nerve come from?
Posterior tibial nerve

Anatomy Y2 (18 decks)

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