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Anatomy of the Leg > Leg > Flashcards

Leg Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

muscles of the posterior compartment are divided into superficial and deep groups. what is the most superficial muscle of the superficial group?

A

gastrocnemius

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2
Q

origin of gastrocnemius

A

medial head- from proximal and posterior part of femoral condyles
lateral head- from a depression on the lateral side of the lateral condyle

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3
Q

insertion of gastrocnemius

A

fibers of the 2 heads approach each other in the midline to join in a tendinous raphe which forms the aponeurosis of the muscle –> to attach to central part of posterior surface of calcaneus

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4
Q

nerve supply to gastroc

A

tibiali nerve

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5
Q

function of gastroc

A

plantar flexor of the ankle
supinator of intertarsal joints
flexes at the knee

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6
Q

what muscles form the triceps surae?

A

2 heads of gastrocnemius + soleus

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7
Q

origin of soleus

A

posterior surface of the head and body of the fibula, from the soleal line, middle third of tibia and from the tendinous arch btwn tibula and fibula

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8
Q

insertion of soleus

A

tendo calcaneus into the calcaneus

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9
Q

nerve supply to soleus

A

tibial nerve

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10
Q

function of soleus

A

plantarflexor of the ankle

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11
Q

plantaris muscle is absent in what % of cases?

A

plantaris

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12
Q

origin of plantaris

A

takes origin from the lateral supracondylar line of the femur and the oblique popliteal ligament

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13
Q

insertion of plantaris

A

medial side of the posterior surface of calcaneus

*on occasion it may join the tendo calcaneus

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14
Q

innervation of plantaris

A

tibial nerve

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15
Q

function of plantaris

A

plantar flexor at the ankle

flexor at the knee

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16
Q

origin of popliteus

A

groove on teh lateral condyle of femur
arcuate popliteal ligament
lateral meniscus

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17
Q

insertion of popliteus

A

proximal to the soleal line on the body of the tibia

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18
Q

nerve supply of popliteus

A

tibial nerve

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19
Q

functions of popliteus

A

flexor and rotator at the knee
unlocks the knee
*with weight on the limb, it rotates thigh laterally
*with NO weight, it rotates the leg medially

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20
Q

origin of FHL

A

arises from the distal 2/3 of posterior surface of the fibula, the IO mb, and the posterior IM septum

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21
Q

insertion of FHL

A

base of distal phalanx of 1st digit

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22
Q

innervation of FHL

A

tibial nerve

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23
Q

function of FHL

A

flexor of the IP joint of the first digit
plantarflexor of the ankle
supinator at the intertarsal joints

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24
Q

origin of FDL

A

posterior surface, medial to the vertical line, of the proximal 2/3 of the body of the tibia below the soleal line

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25
insertion of FDL
divides into 4 tendons that are inserted into the bases fo the distal phalanges of digits 2-5
26
innervation of FDL
tibial nerve
27
function of FDL
flexes DIPJ plantarflexes the ankle joint supinates teh intertarsal joints
28
origin of tibialis posterior
posterior surface of IO mb posterior surface, lateral to the vertical line, of thetibia below the soleal line upper 2/3 of the medial surface of fibula
29
insertion of tibialis posterior
navicular tubersoity, 3 cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of mets 2-4, sustentaculum tali
30
innervation of tibialis posterior
tibial nerve
31
function of tibialis posterior
supinator of intertarsal joints | plantar flexor at the ankle
32
What is the longest branch of the femoral nerve?
saphenous nerve
33
which structure in the adductor canal does NOT pass thru the adductor hiatus?
saphenous nerve- it leaves the canal by passing to the surface on the medial side of the knee
34
describe the course of the saphenous nerve after it leaves the adductor canal?
- passes btwn tendons of sartorius and gracilis muscles | - then runs with the great saphenous vein along the medial side of the leg
35
in the proximal third of the leg, the saphenous nerve divides into 2 branches:
- subsartorial nerve plexus | - infrapatellar branch, which provides cuaneous innervation to skin over patella
36
what are the terminal branches of the tibial nerve?
divide into medial and lateral plantar nerves the the flexor retinaculum
37
what makes up the sural nerve?
medial sural cutaneous nerve (from tibial n.) + lateral sural cutaneous nerve (from common peroneal n.)
38
what nerves make up the sciatic nerve?
common peroneal n. + tibial n.
39
what is the deep fascia of the leg continuous with?
fascia lata of the thing
40
what is the deep fascia of the leg attached to?
``` patella patellar ligament tibial tuberosity condyles of the tibia fibular head ```
41
the deep leg of the fascia receives fibers from the tendons of which muscles?
``` tendons of biceps femoris sartorius gracilits semitendinosus semimembranosus ```
42
O/I of tibialis anterior
origin- lateral condyle of tibia; upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia; IO mb; deep crural fascia insertion- medial plantar surface of medial cuneiform and to base of 1st met
43
nerve supply of tibialis anterior
deep peroneal nerve
44
functions of tibialis anterior
dorsiflexor and inverter at the ankle | also a supinator at intertarsal joints
45
what relationship does extensor hallucis longus have to the tibialis anterior?
lies just lateral to the tibialis anterior
46
what structures lie in between extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior?
anterior tibial artery (& vein) | deep peroneal nerve
47
O/I of extensor hallucis longus
origin: middle 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula; accessory origin from IO mb insertion: base of distal phalanx of 1st digit
48
innervation of extensor hallucis longus
deep peroneal nerve
49
function of extensor hallucis longus
extension at 1st MPJ dorsiflexion of ankle joint supination at the intertarsal joints
50
what is the extensor hallucis capsularis? (origin/insertion?)
is an accessory muscle which arises as an extension of the Extensor hallucis longus tendon (origin) *inserts on the medial surface of the capsule of the 1st MPJ
51
function of extensor hallucis capsularis
lift the capsule out of the joint to prevent entrapment of the capsule
52
O/I of extensor digitorum longus
O- lateral condyle of tibia; head and upper 3/4 of the anterior surface of the fibula; IO mb; deep fascia and from the anterior IM septum between it and peroneus longus I-extensor expansion of the 2nd-4th digits
53
function of extensor digitorum longus
extension of MPJ of the lateral 4 digits dorsiflexes and everts the ankle pronation of intertarsal joints
54
O/I of peroneus tertius
O- lower 1/3 of anterior surface of the fibula | I-base of 5th met
55
function of peroneus tertius
dorsiflexor and evertor of the ankles | pronator of intertarsal joints
56
what is the blood supply and innervation to the anterior compartment of the leg?
anterior tibial artery | deep peroneal nerve
57
Name the muscles that lie in the anterior compartment of the leg.
1. tibialis anterior 2. extensor digitorum longus 3. extensor hallucis longus 4. peroneus tertius 5. (extensor hallucis capsularis)
58
Name the muscles that lie in the lateral compartment of the leg.
peroneus longus | peroneus brevis
59
O/I of peroneus longus
origin- head and upper 2/3 of the body, lateral surface of the fibula; lateral tibial condye; crural fascia and both IM septum insertion- lateral side of the base of the 1st met and the lateral side of the medial cuneiform
60
function of peroneus longus
plantar flexion and eversion at the ankle | pronates the intertarsal joints
61
innervation of peroneus longus
superficial fibular nerve
62
what is the relationship of the lateral compartment msucles in the leg?
peroneus longus is superficial to the peroneus brevis
63
O/I of peroneus brevis
Origin- lower 2/3 of the body, lateral surface of the fibula, crural fascia and both IM septa insertion- tuberosity of the 5th met
64
function of peroneus brevis
plantar flexor and evertor at the ankle | pronates the intertarsal joints
65
what is the innervation and blood supply to lateral compartment?
superficial peroneal nerve | peroneal artery
66
Name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg.
1. gastrocnemius- superficial group 2. soleus - superficial group 3. plantaris- superficial group 4. popliteus- deep group 5. flexor hallucis longus- deep group 6. flexor digitorum longus- deep group 7. tibialis posterior- deep group
67
what is the blood supply and innervation to the posterior compartment of the leg?
posterior tibial artery | tibial nerve

Anatomy of the Leg (12 decks)

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