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ANAT 315 - human musculoskeletal > leg & foot p1 > Flashcards

leg & foot p1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which tibiofibular joint produces the less mvmt & why?

A

Distal Tibiofibular jt (syndesmosis)
Ankle needs more stability to properly distribute w8

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2
Q

To which metatarsals are the sesamoid bones related to?

A

Metatarsal 1

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3
Q

What is the hallux?

A

The big toe

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4
Q

What is the role of the sesamoid bones

A

-Increase lever arm
-Acts as a fulcrum for the flexor hallucis longus & brevis during great toe push-off

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5
Q

Name the different arches of the foot

A

Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse arch

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6
Q

What is the main role of the keystones of the arches of the foot?

A

Stabilize the arch

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7
Q

What is the keystone of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Talus (head of talus)

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8
Q

What is the keystone of the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Cuboid

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9
Q

What is the keystone/wedge of the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Intermediate cuneiform

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10
Q

Which longitudinal arch is higher?

A

Medial longitudinal arch

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11
Q

What are the functions of the arch?

A
  • load absorption
  • increased rigidity for propulsion
  • energy storage
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12
Q

Which structures increase rigidity for propulsion of the foot?

A

Arches more specifically tendons of the arch

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13
Q

What is the most superficial passive support of the longitudinal arch?

A

Plantar aponeurosis

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14
Q

Name the passive supports of the longitudinal arch

A

Long Plantar Ligament (calc – bases of III-V MT)

Short Plantar Ligament (calc –cuboid)

Spring Ligament (Calcaneonavicular)

Plantar Aponeurosis

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15
Q

Name the passive supports of the transverse arch

A

Tibialis Posterior Tendon

Fibularis Longus Tendon

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16
Q

What can affect the arch in an individual?

A

Neurovasclar… can affect the innervation the foot which can lead to the absence of arches

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17
Q

What type of jt is the true ankle joint?

A

Talocrural jt is a complex synovial hinge jt with 3 articulating bones

18
Q

What bones does the Talocrural jt articulate with?

A

Trochlear Surface of Talus
Tibia
Fibula

19
Q

Which malleolus extends further inferiorly?

A

Lateral

20
Q

Which diameter of the talus is wider?

A
21
Q

What are the movements of the talocrural joint?

A

Dorsiflexion: Decrease in the angle measuring
from the dorsum of the foot

Plantar Flexion: Decrease in the angle measuring
from the plantar surface of the foot

22
Q

Name the collaterla ligaments of the ankle jt

A

(1) Tibionavicular
(2) Anterior Tibiotalar
(3) Posterior Tibiotalar

23
Q

Which ligament of the angle is aka the deltoid ligament?

A

Medial Collateral Ligament

24
Q

Which ligament limits Plantar Flexion?

A

Anterior Tibiotalar

25
Q

Which ligament limits Dorsiflexion

A

Posterior Tibiotalar

26
Q

What is the most commonly sprained ligament in the ankle?

A

Anterior Talofibular (ATFL)

27
Q

What movements does pronation combine?

A

Dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction

28
Q

What movements does supination combine?

A

Plantar Flexion, inversion, adduction

29
Q

Why is supination/pronation important?

A

Important and normal movements during gait, e.g., to distribute/transfer weight properly, to conform to uneven surfaces.

30
Q

What is the consequence of over pronation/under-pronation?

A

During gait or stance it can lead to foot and leg injuries, including arch collapse

31
Q

What type of ankle sprains are the most common?

A

INVERSION ANKLE SPRAIN
*tearing of collateral ligaments (mostly ATFL)

32
Q

At which jt does inversion/eversion occur?

A

Subtalar/TCN joint

33
Q

What are the joints that are part of the transverse tarsal jt?

A

Talonavicular jt
Calcaneocuboid jt

34
Q

What type of jt is the metatarsophalangeal jt & what mvmt does it produce?

A

Condyloid/Ellipsoidal (biaxial)
Which produces Flexion/Extension, some Adduction/Abduction

35
Q

What type of jt is the DIP & PIP interphalangeal jt & what mvmt does it produce?

A

Hinge jt (sagittal plane)
Which produce flexion/extension

36
Q

What type of jt is btw the midfoot and the forefoot?

A

Tarsometatarsal is a plane/gliding jt

37
Q

Which part of the transverse tarsal jt contributes to the motion of the TCN jt?

A

Talonavicular jt

37
Q

Which jt is responsible for inversion/eversion? & what type of jt is it?

A

Talonavicular jt
Ball and socket

38
Q

What type of jt is the calcaneocuboid?

A

Plane/gliding jt

39
Q

What do orthopedic surgeons commonly use the
term ‘subtalar joint‘ for?

A

Anatomical subtalar jt (posterior) + Talocalcaneal part of TCN jt (anterior & middle)

40
Q

What type of jt(s) is the physiological subtalar jt (referred by orthopedic surgeons)?

A

Gliding/planar

ANAT 315 - human musculoskeletal (13 decks)

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