Leisure, sport and tourism Flashcards
(38 cards)
Leisure & development: Low income country - Sudan
- 56% female literacy rate
- 36% of total population live in urban areas
- time is spent on survival-related tasks e.g collecting water
- not a lot of time for leisure activities
- working + playing e.g play fighting while hearding sheep
- scraps are used to made dolls
- not many sporting facilities
- popular sports are football and wrestling because they don’t require much equitment
- tourism infrastructure is undeveloped
Leisure & development: Middle income country - China
- 95% of women read and write
- 64% of total population in urban areas
- shopping is becoming an increasingly popular leisure activity
- free facilities are being built like table tennis and badminton courts
- Migrant workers in China don’t have much leisure time or money
- income rise people are willing to spend more
- goverment invest a lot in Olympic sport development for national pride
- won the 2008 olympics
- won 40 gold medals in 2024 olympic
Leisure & development: High income country - USA
- Female literacy rate is 99%
- 80% of total population live in urban areas
- age between 65-74 have the most leisure time of 7 hours
- Women have less leisure time than men
- decrease in team games more solo activities like jogging
- predicted that 198 million dollars will be spent by 2025 for international travelling by the USA
- more women attended the 2023 olympics
Factors affecting participation in leisure activities
- Affluence (wealth) more disposable income leads to higher spending on leisure and travelling. LICs have less time and money for leisure
- Gender - women with children have less time due to household duties
- Stage in lifecycle - children and pensioners have the highest amont of leisure time, mobility affects type of sport played
- physical factors, in Nordic countries many people do winter sports e.g skiing
Case Study: Machu Picchu
Heritage tourism/rural
- Ancient incan city
- tourists go for historical and cultural interest
- no roads to get there however it’s become a famous tourist hotspot
- niche tourism, people who are looking for smth different
- it’s become a risk for the area due to the large population of tourists that arrive annualy
- Carrying capacity refers to the number of poeple a location can support inorder to be sustainable
- 3700 tickets are sold every day
- UNESCO wants to reduce to 800 tickets however the goverment wants more people to come because it gives them a higher income
- primary resources - the waterfall, the Inca trail and temples
- Secondary resources - tours with the guide
SOCIAL:Positive and negative impacts of tourism in Machu Picchu
POSITIVE:
- pride
- cultural exchange
- income
- facilities can be used by the locals
- locals learn new languages and skills
NEGATIVES:
- conflict between tourists and locals
- loss of traditional values
- crowds in small areas
- competing for services and facilities
-
ECONOMIC:Positive and negative impacts of tourism in Machu Picchu
POSITIVE:
- attract high spending tourists
- Provide extra taxes (good for government)
- it creates local jobs and business opportunities
- money can be used to improve infrastructure
NEGATIVE:
- property values increase
- seasonal jobs only (unemployed)
- poor pay and working conditions
- dependency on tourism
ENVIRONMENTAL:Positive and negative impacts of tourism in Machu Picchu
POSITIVE:
- Preservation of natural, cultural and historical resources
NEGATIVE:
- erosion both by landslides and people walking around
- trees have been cut down for fuel risking fires
Managing carrying capacity in Machu Picchu
- limit 500 hickers on the Inca trail
- they have to have a guide (small group) that can educated them and tech them about the enviorment
- the indiginous people in Peru have been angaged in perserving thier heritage
Urban tourism hotspot Venice
Venice is an island city located in north eastern Italy
- more than 100 islands
- 160 canals and not roads only passageways for walking
Carrying capacity in Venice
- 11,2050 staying in hotels and another 11000 day-trippers
- typically around 25000 tourists a day
- Venice can handle about 8 million tourists a year
- Seasonal tourism is uneven
Primary and secondary resources in Venice
Primary:
- historic centre (loads of churches)
- Rialto bridge
- A ride with the gondola boats
- carnevals
Secondary:
- Hotels, shops, transport and expensive restaurants
-
Social:Positive and negative impacts of tourism in Venice
POSITIVE:
- preservation of cultural and architectural heritage
- new facilities also benefit the locals
NEGATIVE:
- crowded and unpleasant for the locals
- culture is becoming diluted
- more chain resturants like macdonalds
- protests against tourism
Economic:Positive and negative impacts of tourism in Venice
POSITIVE:
- more job opportunities
- promoting local arts
- more than 1/2 billion euros in 2022 came from tourism in Venice
NEGATIVES:
- housing becoming more expensive - serious issues for locals
- locals are leaving Venice
- locals stores close down - too high rent
- inflation increases
Environment:Positive and negative impacts of tourism in Venice
POSITIVE:
- tourism money can be used to protect natural landscapes
- peoples awareness of the need to protect the environment
NEGATIVES:
- increased pollution (light,noise, water)
- habitat lost from new infrastructure
- damage to marine life due to untreated sewage
Case study: Burning man festival - a large scale festival
- Burning man festival involves art, music and culture
- Takes place once a year in August for a week
- Average of 80,000 people attend each year
- It is located in western United States in the Black Rock desert of Nevada, an isolated area
- Festival takes place on an 18 square mile on the playa
- Often flooded in winter and becomes dry and dusty in the summer
- Key aim is to have a restoration team ‘leave no trace’ because it’s in nature
- takes a month to clean up and get to pre-event conditions
- MOOP map shows how clean each area is on site
Positive impact of a festival: Burning man
Social:
- large isolated area and their is less noise pollution effecting others
Environmental:
- the festival has a ‘leave no trace’ policy
- restoration team which spends a month to clean the site
Economic:
- Local businesses benefit from sales e.g gas and water
- The festival as donated a lots of money to local charities
Negative impacts of a festival: Burning man
Social:
- Only one road to the site causing lots of traffic
- Locals in nearby towns are shocked by the behaviour of some attendees e.g nudity and use of drugs
Environmental:
- Soil erosion due to large number of attendees
- Dust storms are formed due to vehicles on the fragile desert
- localised air pollution due to all the burning
Advantages and disadvantages of the Burning man site
Advantages:
- large space to provide enough space for people and their camps
- Remote area
- Natural beauty , the landscape is unique and stunning
Disadvantages:
- Extreme weather conditions, it can be supper hot in the day and cold at night
- Dust storms are prone causing health issues for people
- Hard to get there and takes a while
- Lack of resources like food and water
Mass tourism
a large number of tourists to popular holiday destinations
Niche tourism
a special interest with a small number of tourists
Case study: Movie location tourism - Niche
- Film tourism is a niche form of tourism where visitors explore popular destinations due to appearances in films
- increase in international travel and rapid growth of the entertainment industry
- a wide range of demographics take part (18-40) engagement with media
- it can bring job opportunities and raise global awareness to less known places
- it might cause huge increase in tourism where infrastructure is weak
- Lord of the rings movies have attracted many to New Zealand
- Over 150 sites can be visited and tourism is now the biggest industry in New Zealand
Case study: Adventure tourism - Niche
- involves travel to remote areas with potential risk involved.
- increased because people want to do something different
- transport infrastructure has made places more available
- Attract high-value customers
- promotes physical activity and health
- provide memorable experiences
- supports local communities and businesses
- seasonal and weather dependency
- overuse of natural sites
- New Zealand has great diverse natural landscapes
Carrying capacity
the maximum number of visitors that a site can safely have at one time