Changing population

Question 1

Physical and human factors affecting population distribution at the global scale

Answer 1

Physical:
- Extreme climates (dry, high humidity)
- Water supply (clean, available)
- Vegetation (soil, greenland)

Human:
- Social/political instability (conflict, war)
- Economic (education, employment)
- Agriculture (crops, livestock)

Question 2

Population distribution definition

Answer 2

The measure of how spread out a population is in any given area

Question 3

Population density definition

Answer 3

The amount of people divided by the area in square kilometers

Question 4

Economic development

Answer 4

The process where low-income national economies transform into modern industrial economies

Question 5

How to measure development

Answer 5

GDP per capita
HDI
The happiness index

Question 6

Emerging economies definition

Answer 6

A country in the process of developing its economy to become more advanced.

Question 7

Migration 2 examples

Answer 7

International migration - different country (voluntary and forced)

Internal migration - same country
(interregional and intraregional)

Question 8

Emigration

Answer 8

Migration from a location

Question 9

Immigration

Answer 9

Migration to a location

Question 10

Natural increase

Answer 10

Growth in population resulting in more births than death per year

Question 11

The demographic transitioning model

Answer 11

Population change over time based on natural increase and decrease.

Question 12

Crude birth rate formula

Answer 12

Total number of births per year/ total population x 1000

Question 13

Total fertility rate

Answer 13

Number of births per 1000 women in childbearing age

Question 14

Factors affecting fertility rates (high and low)

Answer 14

Improvements in health care
Contraception
Education - female literacy
LEDC - family work
Young marriage

Question 15

Population momentum

Answer 15

Continued growth of a population even after fertility rates are down to replacment levels

Question 16

Population projection

Answer 16

Estimate of what the population in the future will be like

Question 17

What factors effect death rates

Answer 17

Gender
Age
Shelter
Access to food and water
Medical facilities

Question 18

Case study: Gambia youthful population

Answer 18

• The Gambia is a small country in west Africa
• It has a rapidly growing population due to high rates of natural increase

Causes:
- Religious beliefs about contraception
- Woman dont’ have a voice on number of children
- Many children die young
- Help income (farming)

Impacts:
- Some schools have 3000 students with only 26 classes - no money to build more
- Trees are cut to make more space

Solutions:
-family planning (free contreseption)
- Better education
-More help from foreign country’s and organisations around the world

Question 19

Case study: Japan elderly dependents

Answer 19

• Japan is a country in east Asia whith a population of more than 120 million people

Causes:
- Lots of elderly dependents because they eat healthy and do activities
- low natural increase
-

Impacts:
- hospitals don’t have space or medicine
- homeless, die alone, 1/3 suicide
- low pensions

Solutions:
- small part time jobs
- policies to increase birth rates
- allow economically active people to move in

Question 19

Megacity

Answer 19

an area with the population of 10 million people or more

Question 21

Negative consequences of megacities experiencing rapid growth

Answer 21

• strain on existing infrastructure
• housing shortage
• air pollution
• traffic congestion

Question 22

Case study: Mumbai (megacity)

Answer 22

• Mumbai is located on the west coast of India.
• One of the largest cities in the world with a population of over 22 million people
• around 5% growth rate every year
• high natural increase

Pull factors from rural areas in india:
- better chance in job opportunities
- better school and hospitals
- Less natural disasters

Push factors:
- overcrowding
- traffic and pollution
-

Question 23

Urban growth in HICs

Answer 23

• majority of the people already live in the cities
• 70% of the population live in urban areas
• slow rate of growth or decline in population

Question 24

Urban growth in LICs

Answer 24

- mostly economically active people migrate rural to urban - higher natural increase than HICs - push and pull factors play a role

Question 25

positive net migration

Answer 25

More people entering an area than leaving it

Question 26

Negative migration

Answer 26

More people leaving an area than entering

Question 27

Refugee

Answer 27

a person who has to be forced to move/flee their country

Question 28

internally displaced person (IDP)

Answer 28

forced to leave their home but is staying in the country's border

Question 29

Asylum seeker

Answer 29

people flee their country and seek protection by an organisation

Question 30

Stateless person

Answer 30

someone who is not a citizen of any country.

Question 31

Case study: Tuvalu (forced migration)

Answer 31

- environmental forced migration Country in Oceania, less than 12 thousand people live there and is one of the smallest countries in the world - high rise of sea level and coastal erosion - Predicted to be fully submerged in 30-50 years - Salt water is killing coconut trees - losing their main export which is dried coconut meat Pull factors - New Zealand is offering migration programmes to immigrants to ease their transition and provide housing and work.

Question 32

Case study: Syria (Forced migration)

Answer 32

Located in east Asia - political forced migration - Civil war that began in 2011 which has lead to 10 million Syrian people to fled to neighbouring countries like Turkey and Jordan - infrastructure in non-existing and health care, clean water and schooling are severely limited Consequences - children don't attend school - low water supply - risk their life to leave their country (boat journey) - puts stress on resources on host countries like Lebanon - Sweden has taken most lots of Syrian refugees - but people blame higher crime rates on immigrants

Question 33

Case study: Gambia (youthful population)

Answer 33

The Gambia is a small country in west Africa. It has a rapidly growing population due to high rates of natural increase. - Religous beliefs about contraception -They need help farming (more hands) -Many children die young which leads to parents giving birth to many Impact - schools are overcrowded and little supply - not enough money to make infrastructure Solution - family planning - help from organisations (health)

Question 34

Anti-natalist policy

Answer 34

discouraging births

Question 35

Pronatalist

Answer 35

encouraging births

Question 36

Case study: Japan (Pro natal policies)

Answer 36

- shorter working hours - 8 weeks paid leave - discounts for larger families - Low birth and death rate - Robot babies to evoke emotional connection - Didn't work fertility rate only rose 0.14% from 2005 to 2013

Question 37

Case study: China (Anti natal policy)

Answer 37

- one child policy 1979 - 2015 - It was very successful, birth rate fell rapidly - carrot and stick approach - free health care and education - Higher salary - Fines - Job loss - population grew too fast

Question 38

Gender equality

Answer 38

right, responsibilities and opportunities are equal between genders

Question 39

Case study: Sweden (gender equality)

Answer 39

- Gender discrimination in the workplace has been illegal since 1980 in Sweden. - gender neutral leave (first) - work balance with children is easier because they have same rights

Question 40

Case study: Rwanda

Answer 40

- Located in central Africa - Very high in gender equality - 64% of rwanda’s parliament are women - Girls and boys attend school equally - Women have outnumbered men as primary teachers

Question 41

what is human trafficking

Answer 41

a violation of human rights as a illegal transportation

Question 42

Case study: Iran (human trafficking organs)

Answer 42

- Iran is located in central asia - human trafficking is illegal transportation of people - in most countries selling organs is illegal - to help, it is now legal to sell your organs directly to hospitals - No black markets - it encourages people to do bodily harm to themselves

Question 43

Case study: Ghana (child labour)

Answer 43

- 70% of the world’s cocoa supply comes from two countries in west Africa; Ghana and the Ivory Coast. - family run farms - unable to attend school - dangerous working places with harsh conditions The Fairtrade organisation makes sure workers receive a decent wage.

Question 44

Demographic dividend

Answer 44

growth in an economy that is the result of a change in the age structure of a country’s population.

Question 45

Case study: China (uneven)

Answer 45

- China is a country in East Asia. - 94% of the population of China lives to the east and only 6% live in the west - mountains in the Himalayas harsh - cold deserts - East coast fishing - job opportunities

Question 46

Case study: South Africa

Answer 46

- Middle income country - uneven population distribution -more minerals and raw materials (diamond) - job opportunities where there are primary resources - 69% of the population live in urban area - West Africa is too hot to live - Under apartheid, over 4 million black people were forcibly removed from “white areas” and relocated to homelands.