LENIN

Question 1

The July Days

Answer 1

3-5 July

Street demonstrations in Petrograd-disoder

Question 2

November 1917 elections

Answer 2

SR’s won, not the Bolsheviks

Question 3

The Reds

Answer 3

The Bolsheviks

Question 4

The whites

Answer 4

Political opposition, the SR’s and the nobility

Question 5

The Greens

Answer 5

National minorities

Question 6

Weaknesses of the whites (3)

Answer 6

Divided- no sense of common purpose
Lack of commitment-had high levels of desertion
Lack of co-operation-differing goals

Question 7

Strengths of the reds (4)

Answer 7

Use of conscription- 5 million by 1920
Controlled railway system- helped to move their soldiers
Red Terror- Bolsheviks had strict control and good discipline
Use of propaganda

Question 8

More significant- red strengths or white weaknesses?

Answer 8

White weaknesses- allowed the reds to capitalise and have effective propaganda

Question 9

Social impact of war communism

Answer 9

Grain requisitioning led to starving peasants

Question 10

Three most key reasons why Lenin introduced NEP

Answer 10

Kronstadt Rebellion (used to support the Bolsheviks)
Tambov rebelllion- didn't want a peasant revolt
Tighten dictatorship- could now quell internal unrest with the Decree on Party Unity

Question 11

Three main reasons why Stalin came to power

Answer 11

No clear process to succession
His ability and ambition
His administrative positions (eg General secretary)

Question 12

Why did Stalin make the Great Turn? (4)

Answer 12

Self- sufficiency
Military strength
Grain supplies
Move toward socialism

Question 13

How & why did the Bolsheviks dissolve the constituent assembly?

Answer 13

Held at gunpoint- Bolsheviks only recieved 24% of the vote

Question 14

What did the Bolsheviks get in the Nov 1917 elections?

Answer 14

23.3%

Question 15

Why did Lenin introduce NEP?

Question 16

Politcal impact of the civil war

Answer 16

Influenced nature of government- loyalty to the Bolsheviks emphasised

Question 17

Economic impact of the civil war

Answer 17

Introduction of war communism

NEP brought in to bring stability (however at the expense of ideology

Question 18

Political impact of the 1917 Oct revolution

Answer 18

Kornilov Affair showed the weaknesses of the Provisional Government
Got rid of autocracy

Question 19

Famine under Lenin

Answer 19

Exacerbated by ideology- refused Western help

Question 20

Role of Cheka under Lenin

Answer 20

Dealt with opposition to the Bolsheviks

Helped implement war communism

Question 21

What policing did Lenin introduce in 1924?

Answer 21

OPGU- less brutal

Question 22

Army under Lenin

Answer 22

MRC was a vanguard for the October revolution

Question 23

Propaganda under Lenin

Answer 23

Slogans (‘peace, bread and land’)

Cult of personality

Question 24

Superstructure

Answer 24

The ideas that the foundations of society, which benefitted the ruling class to maintain order

Question 25

Women in post-revolution Russia

Answer 25

Although the Bolsheviks believed in gender equality, this was not the reality- were still expected to be homemakers

Question 26

Women in NEP Russia

Answer 26

Tended to be pushed into lower paid, unskilled jobs

Question 27

Women and divorce

Answer 27

Men did not have to give much notice to divorce their wives, and were not responsible for their welfare

Question 28

By 1928 about __,___ of the _,___,___ party members were women

Answer 28

65,000 of the 1,000,000

Question 29

Example of a female party member

Answer 29

Alexandra Kollontai

Question 30

Rabkrin

Answer 30

Backwards step for working conditions. Longer hours and lower pay

Question 31

Politburo

Answer 31

Cabinet of the Communist party

Question 32

Orgburo

Answer 32

Administrative body of the Communist party

Question 33

Sovnarkom

Answer 33

People's commissars with responsibility eg foreign policy

Question 34

The President

Answer 34

The figurehead of the Politburo

Question 35

The Nomenklatura

Answer 35

Group of officers and managers approved by the Bolsheviks

Question 36

Supreme Soviet

Answer 36

Elected by the Sovnarkom | Had the power to make laws and kept power over the republics

Question 37

Presidium

Answer 37

Small group of ministers

Question 38

Lenin's educational reforms

Answer 38

Gymnasia

Question 39

Housing under Lenin

Answer 39

Taken from landowners and given to the proletariat

Question 40

Similarities to be drawn between Lenin's approach to ideology and the Tsars

Answer 40

Both were willing to adapt ideologies to increase or protect their power

Question 41

How was Sovnarkom elected?

Answer 41

Chain of elections Village soviets chose representatives for district soviets District soviets elected members for the provincial soviets Provincial soviets provided membership of Sovnarkom

Question 42

Ogburo

Answer 42

Responsible for maintaining order and dealing with opposition

Question 43

Principle that the Bolsheviks based their party on

Answer 43

Democratic centralism

Question 44

Democratic centralism

Answer 44

The control of affairs would be in the hands of politicians who had been elected by the Russian people

Question 45

Working conditions improvements under Lenin

Answer 45

Rabkrin

Question 46

Access to education under Lenin

Answer 46

NepMen and Kulaks denied access to education