STALIN

Question 1

When did Stalin introduce collectivisation?

Answer 1

November 1929

Question 2

Why did Stalin introduce collectivisation? (3)

Answer 2

Wanted to move toward a command economy (central planning)
Wanted to break the peasants hold on the economy after the grain crisis
Needed more modern farming methods

Question 3

Grain procurement crisis

Answer 3

Peasants hoarding grain- Stalin used the kulaks as a scapegoat (dekulakisation)

Question 4

How did Stalin tackle the grain procurement crisis?

Answer 4

Active opponents of collectivisation deported
Counter revolutionaries shot or sent to forced labour settlements
Expelled from farms

Question 5

When was the liquidation of the kulaks?

Answer 5

December 1929

Question 6

Why did Stalin liquidate the kulaks?

Answer 6

Frighten the middle and poor peasants into joined kolkhozes

Question 7

Peasant reaction to collectivisation

Answer 7

Peasants rioted, slaughtered their animals in protest

Question 8

Political impact of NEP

Answer 8

Move toward communism

Stalin scapegoated officials (‘dizzy with success’)

Question 9

How many had joined collectives by 1936?

Answer 9

90%

Question 10

Economic impact of collectivisation

Answer 10

Led to grain hoarding

Question 11

Social impact of collectivisation

Answer 11

Kulaks targeted under collectivisation (kulaks and NEP-men thrived under NEP)

Question 12

Focus of the frst Five-Year Plan

Answer 12

Heavy industry

Question 13

Focus of the second Five-Year Plan

Answer 13

Consumer goods

Question 14

Focus of the third Five-Year Plan

Answer 14

Military

Question 15

Statistic for the First Five-Year Plan

Answer 15

Goal for steel was 8 million tonnes

Produced 4 million

Question 16

Political impacts of the Second World War (3)

Answer 16

Cold War
Spheres of influence
Berlin Blockade

Question 17

Social impacts of the Second World War

Answer 17

27 million Russians killed- 2/3 civilians

Question 18

Economic impact of WW2

Answer 18

Berlin Blockade

Question 19

Living conditions under Stalin

Answer 19

Reversed changes made by Lenin- overcrowding became the norm

Question 20

Working conditions under the Communists

Answer 20

Ironically, worse than under Tsars

Low pay, long hours, 1932 onwards 12 hr day

Question 21

By 1930, there were _ million children attending schools

Answer 21

3 million

Question 22

Stalin school reform

Answer 22

Banned Gymnasia schools- replaced by polytechnics

Question 23

Living standards under Stalin

Answer 23

Improvement- built housing blocks on collective farms

Question 24

Limitations of Stalin’s living standards reforms

Answer 24

Kulaks were given the worst housing- barracks or tented shelters

Question 25

An estimated _ to _ million kulak families were deported to Siberia

Answer 25

1 to 3

Question 26

Famines under Stalin

Answer 26

Suffering made worse by repression | Used as a tool to control

Question 27

Policing under Stalin

Answer 27

NKVD- relentless during show trials and purge and show trials

Question 28

Use of army under Stalin

Answer 28

Used the Red Army to requisition grain and to administer the purges

Question 29

Propaganda under Stalin

Answer 29

The Stakonovite movement

Question 30

Effect of the second Five-Year plan

Answer 30

By 1937 Russia was self-sufficient in machinery

Question 31

How many bishops executed under Stalin

Answer 31

117/160

Question 32

By 1937 __% of Russians said that they were religious

Answer 32

57%

Question 33

Soviet order 270

Answer 33

Essentially banned soldiers from surrendering- 'fight to the last'

Question 34

Soviet order 227

Answer 34

'Not a step back' | Those who did were shot on the spot

Question 35

Women in the 1930s

Answer 35

Negatively impacted by industrialisation and collectivisation- overcrowding, unemployment, prostitution

Question 36

Family Code of May 1936

Answer 36

Emphasis on family life | Made abortion illegal, more difficult to obtain a divorce

Question 37

Positives for women

Answer 37

60% of undergraduates were women by 1940

Question 38

Clergy reduced by __% under Stalin

Answer 38

60%

Question 39

Opposition to religion under Stalin

Answer 39

League of the Militant Godless (1925)

Question 40

The General Secretary

Answer 40

Could control who came in and who left the party

Question 41

1930 failure in collectivisation

Answer 41

Stalin scapegoated officials- 'dizzy with success'

Question 42

Literature and art

Answer 42

1932 reorganised- only promoted socialist realism

Question 43

What positions did Stalin hold that gave him power? (2)

Answer 43

General Secretary | Liason between the Orgburo and the Politburo

Question 44

Railway stat for Stalin

Answer 44

1937 Russia was self-sufficient in machinery and communications

Question 45

__ million made homeless by WW2

Answer 45

25 million

Question 46

Wages under Stalin

Answer 46

Real wages fell 50% in the First Five-Year Plan

Question 47

1931 grain production

Answer 47

9%

Question 48

Coal in the First Five-Year Plan

Answer 48

Increased by 100%