lenin

Question 1

April theses

Answer 1

Lenin winning support
exploits unpopularity of prov gov
PEACE LAND AND BREAD

Question 2

lenin arrives

Answer 2

demand Bolshevik policy - insists on bid for power
calls for opp to prov gov

Question 3

July days

Answer 3

spontaneous protest 1/4 mill took streets - open revolt to end war- loyals open war + Lenin flees

Question 4

kornilov affair

Answer 4

attempt at military coup
bolshevik seen as defenders of rev - gain trust and popularity

Question 5

kerenskys problems

Question 6

Lenin’s position oct

Answer 6

central commitee , armed , establishes MRC

Question 7

rev

Answer 7

25 oct - keresnyky flees remanining arrested, faced no opposition

Question 8

why were bolsheviks bale to seize power

Answer 8

April theses increased support, demands for uprising

Trotsky idol

support

weakness of prov gov

soldiers/sailors/workers

Question 9

in bolsheviks favour first few months

Answer 9

80% population = peasants suffering from deprivations of war - anarchy something to gain from
support of majority workers - st Petersburg and Moscow

Question 10

bolshevik problems first few months

Answer 10

peasants seizing land, workers seizing factories
wages down, unemployment growing, industrial output shrinking
war still ongoing
not veen all bolsheviks supported oct rev

Question 11

overcame problems of first months summary

Answer 11

exclusive bolshevik only gov
ban newspapers of opp parties
ban cadets and other right wing parties
only small minority socialist groups but no intention of

Question 12

russia mod 1917

Answer 12

turmoil
optimistic, hope for begging of genuine change

Question 13

elections

Answer 13

held to national constituent assembly - first proper election - promised power to soviet
jan - but SRs dominate 410 to 175= Lenin dissolves

Question 14

treaty of Brest litovsk

Answer 14

lenin believes need peace for regime to survive
lost 42 mill people, 27% farm land - shameful

Question 15

weaknesses of gov oct

Answer 15

Trotsky laughed at
no presence outside capital
lawlessness- alcohol incident
civil servant protest strikes
hundreds of resolutions/ petitions

Question 16

sovnarkom

Answer 16

formed 26 oct - after rev
top governing body of bolsheviks

Question 17

support for bolsheviks to be able to seize power in oct

Answer 17

Petrograd /mosco= 50 % votes
working class =70/80%

Question 18

Cheka

Answer 18

7 dec
dependable security controlled by red guards
civil service purged, bolshevik officials brought in - poor quality bureaucracy but obedient

Question 19

lenin policies oct to dec

Answer 19

immediate truce on war , peasants divide own land, factory workers seize factories, self-determination to minorities

Question 20

class warfare

Answer 20

bourgeois called ‘burzhoot ‘ enemies of the people ‘bloodsuckers ‘ and ‘parasites’
legal system abolished - replaced by violent + arbitrary justice
abolition titles use of ‘comrade’ = power and dignity to workers

Question 21

constituent assembly

Answer 21

biggest threat
allowed to meet for one day then closed - redundant
shot at and killed 12 demonstrators in favour

Question 22

consequences treaty of Brest-litovsk

Answer 22

shameful peace

encouraged Russians join anti-bolshevik forces - civil war inevitable

left SRs resign sovnarkom in protest , head of Cheka captured- uprising crushed, mass arrests = left communists faded, no longer huge split to part risk

Question 23

whites aim civil war

Answer 23

liberals , former tsarists, SRs = want const assembly to run Russia - anti-bolshevik but still deeply divided

Question 24

greens in civil war

Answer 24

peasant armies, deserters

Question 25

military factors civil war in bolshevik favour

Answer 25

Trotsky effective leadership + force - 48000 e sarist officers effective propoganda - red stars + flag = offering new society for peasants and workers , images whites taking away land controlled densest areas - conscript 5 mill into red army peasants see as lesser of two evils, could keep land Petrograd, Moscow - industry leftover WW1 , 2.5 mill rifles, 28 mill shells

Question 26

white force as weak

Answer 26

divided scattered areas no unity - diff aims/beliefs = hard to agree + develop pol strategy

Question 27

why bolshevism survives 1918

Answer 27

poplar support for soviet moment - vote for bolsheviks= vote for soviet movement 45-50% vote Northern and western armies , 80% in garrisons , urban working class 45-50%

Question 28

bolshevism still fragile 1918

Answer 28

grain requisitioning

Question 29

economic issues

Answer 29

production at 0.6 mill by 1920 - previously at 2.2 mill industrial levels 20% of pre-war levels

Question 30

threat from peasants

Answer 30

poor harvest 1920 = no reveres of grain , then brigades try to take what little they have feb 1921 = 118 separate risings bets known = Tambov, lenin struggled to control, had to send 100,000 in to control urban food crisis + more workers on strike

Question 31

workers opposition

Answer 31

militarised factories - ' worse than a tsarist prison camp' grew, wanted more control of own affairs join with Kronstadt sailors

Question 32

Kronstadt

Answer 32

wake up call mutinied in hope of revolt demanded multi-party democracy ringleaders round up and shot - thousands sent to Solovetsksy march 1921 = they form ' revolutionary committee' presenting manfesto to gov demanding elections

Question 33

red terror

Answer 33

campaign mass violent arrests / executions/ repression Brought on by attempted murder of Lenin " for the blood of Lenin there will be the blood of the bourgeois" in one year 6000 dead

Question 34

Czech legion threat July 1918

Answer 34

rebelled, think soviet gov is in league with germans - refuse to disarm , take over railway = causes tsar to be shot

Question 35

Lenin's zero tolerance

Answer 35

plan to get on side - brought bread to cities 45000 army men better equipped = ships surrender

Question 36

power after 1921

Answer 36

'one party unity ' purge party membership 730,000 to 500,000 all other political parties declared outlaws 1921 ban on factions GPU Politburo Nomenklatura system 1923