Lenin

Question 1

February Revolution

Answer 1

1917

Question 2

Fundamental Laws

Answer 2

1906 ‘supreme autocratic power lay with the tsars’

Question 3

article 87

Answer 3

1906 tsar had power to govern by decree

Question 4

Growth in criticisms of tsarism due to

Answer 4

political debate in zemstva, greater intelligentsia and growth of education

Question 5

Stolypin introduces martial law

Answer 5

1906-11 repressive government, okhrana

Question 6

Lena Goldfields massacre

Answer 6

1912- okhrana as agents provocateurs, killed many miners demanding better pay/conditions

Question 7

Tsar failed to make political reforms

Answer 7

during WWI. Closed down Duma, gave power to Tsarina and Rasputin, big mistake

Question 8

propaganda undermines regime eg Pravda

Answer 8

40,000 copies sold per day by 1914

Question 9

Nicholas was weak and narrow minded and incompetent

Answer 9

alexandra and rasputin 1915, army dissatisfied with him

Question 10

Peasants problems (before 1917)

Answer 10

poverty, land, famines, stolypin’s reforms helped kulaks

Question 11

Workers problems (before 1917)

Answer 11

long hours, low pay, conditions, inflation

Question 12

WWI impact

Answer 12

morale, economy (no trade, railways, shipping), tsar looked incompetent

Question 13

Feb 1917 revolution course

Answer 13

International women’s day, riots, provisional government, mensheviks set up soviet, Nicholas abdicates

Question 14

February Dual Power

Answer 14

1917 Prov gov and soviets- power lay with soviets, PG didn;t solve peace land and bread

Question 15

Lenin’s April Thesis

Answer 15

April 1917 addressed peace land and bread, opposed war

Question 16

Kerensky’s July Days

Answer 16

June/July 1917 armed offesives against PG

Question 17

Kornilov affair

Answer 17

August 1917 armed Bolsheviks to defeat Kornilov. Bolsheviks were the heroes

Question 18

Bolsheviks had majority in soviets

Answer 18

Septmeber 1917

Question 19

October revolution

Answer 19

October 1917, Lenin persuaded revolution took over key buildings, kerensky failed to counter, Council of People’s commissars announced Lenin= Chairman

Question 20

Bolshevik support increase June to December 1917

Answer 20

164%

Question 21

Red Terror

Answer 21

all non-bolshevik papers closed, Cheka could arrest without trial, 50,000 killed inc. tsar and family

Question 22

Constituent assembly

Answer 22

Jan 1918 Bolsheviks only won 175 seats, SRs 370, Lenin surrounding building with Red Guards and closed the assembly

Question 23

Decree on Land and Workers control

Answer 23

November 1917 land to peasants adn workers control over factories

Question 24

War Communism

Answer 24

July 1918 state control over economy, food rationed, led to famine as peasants refused to grow food 1921 5 million dead

Question 25

Decree on nationalisation

Answer 25

June 1918 govt took control of all factories

Question 26

Kronstadt Revolt

Answer 26

March 1921 sailors mutinied, crushed by Trotksy

Question 27

New Economic Policy

Answer 27

1921 allowed several aspects of capitalism to return, small businesses privatised. 7 years of stability, but nepmen and kulaks etc. got rich

Question 28

Decree against factionalism

Answer 28

1921 no factions could be formed

Question 29

Trotsky a 'dynamo of the militarised state'

Answer 29

Krasso

Question 30

Trotsky's valuable contributions

Answer 30

Chairman of Military Revolutionary Committee, planned Oct Rev, stormed winter palace, great orator, suppressed Kronstadt, victory in civil war but opposed NEP and failed to defend against political attacks.

Question 31

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Answer 31

1918, harsh terms signed with Germany to get them out of the war, lost 25% population, 70% of coal and iron, 27% of best farmland

Question 32

Comintern

Answer 32

1919 dominated by Lenin

Question 33

Anglo-Soviet Trade Agreement

Answer 33

1921

Question 34

Civil War

Answer 34

1918-21 Whites were disorganised, lacked cooperation and a leader, split up geographically, unpopular in Russia Reds Won because united, held heartland, one dynamic leader, used red terror, preferred by peasants

Question 35

USSR Formed

Answer 35

1923 run by a dictatorship of the communist party

Question 36

Lenin's Death

Answer 36

January 1924