Russian Economy 1881-1914 Witte and Stolypin

Question 1

1892

Answer 1

Witte appointed as Finance Minister

Question 2

Rapid Industrialisation

Answer 2

Witte’s plan to ‘catch up with the West’. It aimed to increase industrial production, secure loans to finance industrial growth, improve transport and ensure that the workforce was controlled sufficiently well to avoid a revolution.

Question 3

32 million tons

Answer 3

The increase in coal production between 1880 and 1913

Question 4

9.5 million tons

Answer 4

The increase in oil production between 1880 and 1900

Question 5

1.4 million

Answer 5

The population increase in St Petersburg between 1881 and 1914. This was down to industrialisation and led to overcrowding and poor living conditions

Question 6

France

Answer 6

Gave vast loans to Russia to invest in industrial growth. One of them was in 1893

Question 7

1881-5

Answer 7

632 kilometres of railway track were constructed a year

Question 8

Trans Siberian Railway

Answer 8

Witte’s massive project to link east and west together. It kick started the coal, iron, steel and timber industries

Question 9

1901-05

Answer 9

1,570 kilometres of railway were constructed a year (on average)

Question 10

800 million roubles

Answer 10

The amount of investment from abroad that was going into Russian industry by 1900

Question 11

1885

Answer 11

The Peasant’s Land Bank Was set up. It aimed to give peasants a way of buying land but they could not afford the redemption payments

Question 12

1882

Answer 12

The Nobles Land Bank created. Offered incentives to nobles to improve their farm land. Instead, the nobility took the loans and gambled or drank them away. Agriculture did not improve

Question 13

Strip Field Farming

Answer 13

The traditional, inefficient way of farming in Russia. Small strips stopped the use of moder techniques and prevented modernisers making the most of the decent farm land.

Question 14

1891

Answer 14

Famine

Question 15

1893

Answer 15

A scheme to encourage peasants to settle on the Siberian Steppe begins with the construction of the Trans Siberian Railway

Question 16

74-164 million

Answer 16

Rural population increase 1860-1914. This led to food shortages and mass migrations to the cities

Question 17

850,000

Answer 17

peasants moved to Siberia between 1895-1905

Question 18

90%

Answer 18

The proportion of mining organisations funded by foreign capital

Question 19

1906

Answer 19

Stolypin abolished redemption payments.

Question 20

1907

Answer 20

Stolypin made it possible for peasants to leave their Mir and enclose their land. This led to the creation of the Kulaks.

Question 21

16 million tonnes

Answer 21

The increase in agricultural production between 1905 and 1913 (per year).

Question 22

46 million tonnes

Answer 22

Agricultural production in 1905

Question 23

62 million tonnes

Answer 23

Agricultural production in 1913

Question 24

2.5 million

Answer 24

The number of households that took the opportunity to leave the mir and consolidate land between 1906 and 1914

Question 25

1,144

Answer 25

People hanged by Stolypin in 1907 as part of his efforts to control the work force following the 1905 Revolution

Question 26

1912

Answer 26

The Lena Goldfield Massacre proved that the Government would use force to control the workforce

Question 27

6%

Answer 27

Annula growth of industry under Stolypin, 1906-13

Question 28

Consolidated Farms

Answer 28

Enabled peasants to fence their land and to move away from inefficient strip field farming. This approach was supported by Stolypin and led to an increase in agricultural production

Question 29

Kulaks

Answer 29

Peasant landowners - a new ‘class’ created by Stolypin

Question 30

1882

Answer 30

Regulations controlling child labour were set up.

Question 31

1886

Answer 31

Factory boards were set up to try and resolve disputes between workers and managers.

Question 32

1897

Answer 32

Witte limits hours for all workers to 11.5 a day and permits the formation of trades unions

Question 33

Witte’s social policies

Answer 33

Aimed to control the work force by trying to improve their conditions whilst industrialisation was taking place. The laws he passed were in 1882, 1886 and 1897

Question 34

Devaluing the Rouble

Answer 34

In 1897, Witte lowered the value of the rouble in relation to foreign currencies to encourage investment. This worked and led to a huge increase in foreign loans

Question 35

8 billion roubles

Answer 35

The amount of loans Russia had taken out in 1914

Question 36

20%

Answer 36

The amount of the entire national budget spent on repaying Russia’s loans by 1914

Question 37

1906

Answer 37

Witte removed from office