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Less Common Lexis Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What does ‘cutting-edge innovation’ mean?

A

Very advanced and new technology

Example: The company’s success lies in its commitment to cutting-edge innovation in renewable energy.

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2
Q

Define ‘unprecedented advancement’.

A

Progress that has never happened before

Example: The last decade has witnessed unprecedented advancements in artificial intelligence and robotics.

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3
Q

What are ‘ethical implications’?

A

Moral consequences or concerns

Example: Gene editing raises complex ethical implications regarding human identity and natural selection.

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4
Q

What is ‘artificial intelligence (AI)’?

A

Machines performing tasks usually requiring human intelligence

Example: AI is rapidly transforming industries from healthcare to education.

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5
Q

What are ‘data-driven decisions’?

A

Choices based on data and facts

Example: Governments are increasingly using data-driven decisions to optimise public health outcomes.

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6
Q

What are ‘genetically modified organisms (GMOs)’?

A

Organisms whose DNA has been changed in a lab

Example: GMOs offer the potential to combat world hunger, though concerns about long-term effects persist.

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7
Q

What is the difference between ‘automation’ and ‘human agency’?

A

Machines doing tasks vs. people making choices

Example: While automation increases efficiency, it must be balanced with the preservation of human agency.

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8
Q

Define ‘technological determinism’.

A

The belief that technology shapes society more than people do

Example: Some argue that technological determinism underestimates the role of culture in innovation.

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9
Q

What does ‘digitisation of society’ refer to?

A

Turning parts of life into digital form

Example: The digitisation of society has revolutionised how we communicate, learn, and consume media.

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10
Q

What is ‘algorithmic bias’?

A

Systematic unfairness in how computer programs work

Example: Algorithmic bias can unintentionally reinforce racial or gender discrimination in hiring processes.

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11
Q

What does ‘environmental degradation’ mean?

A

Harm to the natural world

Example: Unchecked industrial activity has led to severe environmental degradation in urban areas.

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12
Q

Define ‘ecological footprint’.

A

The impact of a person or group on nature

Example: Reducing our ecological footprint is crucial to slowing climate change.

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13
Q

What is meant by ‘climate resilience’?

A

Ability to recover from climate-related events

Example: Building climate resilience involves preparing infrastructure for extreme weather events.

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14
Q

What is ‘carbon neutrality’?

A

Emitting no net carbon dioxide

Example: Many companies are pledging carbon neutrality to align with global sustainability goals.

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15
Q

What does ‘biodiversity loss’ refer to?

A

The decline in the variety of life

Example: Biodiversity loss threatens ecosystems and food security worldwide.

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16
Q

What is ‘deforestation’?

A

Cutting down forests

Example: Deforestation in the Amazon has accelerated, while reforestation projects struggle to keep pace.

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17
Q

What are ‘renewable energy sources’?

A

Sustainable power sources like wind or solar

Example: Transitioning to renewable energy sources is key to reducing global emissions.

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18
Q

Define ‘environmental stewardship’.

A

Taking care of the Earth responsibly

Example: Young people are increasingly embracing environmental stewardship through local activism.

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19
Q

What does ‘anthropogenic impact’ mean?

A

Human-caused environmental changes

Example: Climate scientists emphasize the urgency of reducing anthropogenic impact on the planet.

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20
Q

What are ‘conservation initiatives’?

A

Programs to protect nature

Example: Conservation initiatives have successfully restored habitats for endangered species.

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21
Q

What is ‘experiential learning’?

A

Learning through real-world experience

Example: Field trips and internships offer valuable forms of experiential learning.

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22
Q

Define ‘lifelong education’.

A

Learning that continues throughout life

Example: In a rapidly changing world, lifelong education is no longer optional.

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23
Q

What is ‘intellectual autonomy’?

A

Ability to think independently

Example: Universities must foster intellectual autonomy rather than passive learning.

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24
Q

What does ‘cognitive development’ refer to?

A

Growth of thinking and understanding

Example: Early childhood education is crucial for optimal cognitive development.

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25
What are 'pedagogical approaches'?
Ways or styles of teaching ## Footnote Example: Modern pedagogical approaches emphasise student collaboration and critical thinking.
26
What is 'curriculum reform'?
Changes to what is taught ## Footnote Example: Curriculum reform is essential to equip students for the demands of the 21st century.
27
Define 'critical literacy'.
Ability to question and evaluate texts ## Footnote Example: Critical literacy helps students discern truth from misinformation.
28
What is 'rote memorisation'?
Learning by repetition without understanding ## Footnote Example: Rote memorisation may improve test scores but fails to promote deep understanding.
29
What is 'learner-centred education'?
Education focused on the needs of the student ## Footnote Example: Learner-centred education prioritises curiosity and creativity.
30
What does 'academic rigour' mean?
High intellectual standards ## Footnote Example: Academic rigour must be balanced with emotional well-being.
31
Define 'media saturation'.
Being surrounded by media constantly ## Footnote Example: Today’s youth are growing up in an era of media saturation, where silence is rare.
32
What is 'digital dependency'?
Over-reliance on technology ## Footnote Example: Digital dependency can weaken face-to-face communication skills.
33
What does 'echo chamber effect' refer to?
Only hearing views similar to your own ## Footnote Example: The echo chamber effect on social media undermines balanced political discourse.
34
What are 'misinformation' and 'disinformation'?
Wrong info / false info spread on purpose ## Footnote Example: Combating misinformation requires media literacy from an early age.
35
What is 'citizen journalism'?
News reported by the public ## Footnote Example: During crises, citizen journalism often spreads faster than official news outlets.
36
Define 'public discourse'.
Conversations shaping public opinion ## Footnote Example: Social media platforms have reshaped public discourse around gender and race.
37
What is 'algorithmic content curation'?
Automated selection of what you see online ## Footnote Example: Algorithmic content curation can limit exposure to diverse viewpoints.
38
What is 'performative activism'?
Fake or superficial support for a cause ## Footnote Example: Critics argue that performative activism distracts from real action and change.
39
What does 'cultural homogenisation' mean?
Loss of cultural variety due to global trends ## Footnote Example: Fast fashion contributes to cultural homogenisation by erasing local dress styles.
40
Define 'mass persuasion'.
Influencing many people’s views ## Footnote Example: Advertising relies heavily on techniques of mass persuasion.
41
What is 'democratic backsliding'?
A decline in democratic practices ## Footnote Example: Freedom of the press is often the first casualty in democratic backsliding.
42
What does 'political polarisation' refer to?
Extreme division in political beliefs ## Footnote Example: Political polarisation threatens national unity and dialogue.
43
Define 'rule of law'.
The principle that everyone must obey the law ## Footnote Example: The rule of law is the cornerstone of a just and fair society.
44
What is a 'legislative framework'?
The system of laws governing a society ## Footnote Example: A clear legislative framework is essential for environmental regulation.
45
What does 'socio-political unrest' mean?
Instability caused by political and social issues ## Footnote Example: Socio-political unrest erupted after the government failed to address inequality.
46
What are 'civil liberties'?
Basic personal freedoms like speech and religion ## Footnote Example: The constitution guarantees civil liberties to every citizen.
47
What is meant by 'governance and accountability'?
Leadership and being held responsible ## Footnote Example: Effective governance requires transparency and accountability.
48
Define 'geopolitical tensions'.
Strained relations between countries ## Footnote Example: Geopolitical tensions in the region have disrupted global trade routes.
49
What does 'transparency and integrity' refer to?
Openness and honesty in public roles ## Footnote Example: Transparency and integrity are vital in rebuilding public trust.
50
What is 'authoritarian governance'?
Rule by a powerful leader with little public input ## Footnote Example: Authoritarian governance often suppresses freedom of speech.
51
What is 'income disparity'?
Unequal distribution of wealth ## Footnote Example: Rising income disparity fuels social discontent and protest.
52
Define 'economic volatility'.
Sudden changes in the economy ## Footnote Example: Economic volatility deters investment and long-term planning.
53
What is the 'gig economy'?
Short-term or freelance jobs ## Footnote Example: The gig economy offers flexibility but lacks job security.
54
What does 'financial literacy' mean?
Knowing how to manage money ## Footnote Example: Improving financial literacy can reduce household debt.
55
What is 'sustainable development'?
Growth that doesn't harm the planet ## Footnote Example: Sustainable development is key to balancing profit and planet.
56
What does 'market saturation' refer to?
Too many similar products in a market ## Footnote Example: Market saturation forces companies to innovate or lower prices.
57
Define 'consumer culture'.
Society focused on buying goods ## Footnote Example: Consumer culture promotes wasteful spending and overproduction.
58
What is 'automation-induced unemployment'?
Job loss due to machines replacing humans ## Footnote Example: Automation-induced unemployment is a growing concern in manufacturing.
59
What does 'wealth redistribution' mean?
Sharing wealth more equally ## Footnote Example: Progressive taxation is a tool for wealth redistribution.
60
What are 'inflationary pressures'?
Forces causing prices to rise ## Footnote Example: High fuel prices create inflationary pressure across the economy.
61
What is 'preventative healthcare'?
Actions to stop illness before it starts ## Footnote Example: Preventative healthcare reduces the burden on hospitals.
62
Define 'mental well-being'.
Emotional and psychological health ## Footnote Example: Work-life balance is crucial for mental well-being.
63
What are 'non-communicable diseases'?
Diseases not spread between people ## Footnote Example: Heart disease and diabetes are examples of non-communicable diseases.
64
What does 'healthcare accessibility' refer to?
How easily people can get medical help ## Footnote Example: Rural areas often suffer from limited healthcare accessibility.
65
What is 'medical ethics'?
Moral principles in healthcare ## Footnote Example: Medical ethics demand that patients give informed consent before treatment.
66
What is a 'public health policy'?
Government action to protect public health ## Footnote Example: Vaccination campaigns are a cornerstone of public health policy.
67
What does 'pharmaceutical regulation' mean?
Laws that govern medicines ## Footnote Example: Pharmaceutical regulation ensures drug safety and effectiveness.
68
Define 'vaccine hesitancy'.
Reluctance to get vaccinated ## Footnote Example: Vaccine hesitancy can hinder efforts to control disease outbreaks.
69
What is 'holistic medicine'?
Treating body and mind together ## Footnote Example: Holistic medicine emphasizes nutrition, emotional balance, and physical health.
70
What does 'health equity' mean?
Fair access to health care for all ## Footnote Example: Health equity remains a major challenge in developing countries.

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