LESSON 1 Flashcards
(51 cards)
“Notes on Nursing: What It Is and What It Is Not” presents the 1st nursing theory as “Environmental Theory
Florence Nightingale’s (1859/1992)
focuses on the environment for the benefit of the patient; it is the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery
Environmental theory
Operated from a biomedical model that focused primarily on what nurses do, their functional roles; patient problems/needs to be the practice focus
The Columbia School-The 1950s
consensus among nursing scholars that nursing needed to validate itself through the production of its own scientifically tested body of knowledge
1950s
Nursing practice was based on principles and traditions passed on through apprenticeship education and common sense wisdom that came with years of experience
The Columbia School-The 1950s
Introduced her Theory of Interpersonal Relations that puts emphasis on the nurse-client relationship as the foundation of nursing practice
Hildegard Peplau
conceptualized the nurse’s role as assisting sick or healthy individuals to gain independence in meeting 14 fundamental needs
Virginia Henderson
Focus is on the relationship between the nurse and the patient
Nursing practice continued to reflect vocational heritage more than professional vision
The Yale School – The 1960s
emphasized the reciprocal relationship between the patient and nurse and viewed the professional function of nursing as finding out and meeting the patient’s immediate need for help
Ida Jean Orlando
“Typology of 21 Nursing Problems” that shifted the focus of nursing from a disease-centred approach to a patient-centred one
Faye Abdellah
View nursing as a process rather than an end in itself
The Yale School – The 1960s
Their theories look at how nurses do what they do and how the patient perceives his/her situation
The Yale School – The 1960s
Transition from vocation to profession was a major turning point
1970s
research studies that tested and expanded nursing theory
1990s
changed the language of her theory from Man-Living-Health to the theory of Human Becoming
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
She explained that contemporary dictionary definition of “man” tend to be gender-based, as opposed to meaning mankind, theoretical basis of nursing
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
The philosophy and science of caring highlighted the humanistic aspects of nursing as they intertwine with scientific knowledge and nursing practice
Jean Watson’s Nursing:
Developments in nursing theory characterized a transition from the pre paradigm period to the paradigm period
1980s
Many nursing theories were revised based on the research findings that expanded them
1980s
upheld the fostering of efficient and effective behavioural functioning in the patient to prevent illness
Dorothy Johnson’s behavioural system model for nursing
states that many needs exist, and each may disrupt client balance or stability. Stress reduction is the goal of the system model of nursing practice
Betty Neuman’s system model of nursing practice
“Predicated on understanding the meanings of daily lived experiences as they are perceived by the members or the participants of the science.”
The Future, Meleis (1992)
Increased emphasis on the practice-orientation, or actual rather than “ought-to-be” practice
The Future, Meleis (1992)
Nursing’s mission is to develop theories to empower nurses, the discipline and clients
The Future, Meleis (1992)
