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Theoretical Foundation in Nursing > LESSON 3 > Flashcards

LESSON 3 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the next knowledge level after metaparadigm that sets forth the meaning of phenomena through analysis, reasoning, and logical argument?
A

Philosophy

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2
Q
  1. One characteristic of theory must be:
A

Logical in nature

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3
Q
  1. Conceptual frameworks are commonly represented through:
A

Diagram

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4
Q

Components of Nursing paradigm

A

Person
Health
Environment
Nursing

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5
Q

It is defined as sets of empirical data or experiences that can be observed or touched

A

Phenomena

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6
Q

nursing is the next knowledge level after metaparadigm; it specifies the definition of the metaparadigm concepts in each of the conceptual models of nursing

A

Philosophy

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7
Q

representations of an idea or body of knowledge based on their own understanding or perception of a person or researcher on a certain topic, phenomena or theory

A

Conceptual models or frameworks

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8
Q

highly established set of concepts that are testable

A

Theoretical models or frameworks

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9
Q

least abstract level of theoretical knowledge because they include details specific to nursing practice

A

Middle-range theories

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10
Q

are theories because they do propose something that is true or testable such as Roy’s theory of the person as an adaptive system derived from the Roy Adaptation Model

A

Grand Theories

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11
Q

are the subject matter of a discipline; sets of empirical data or experiences that can be physically observed or tangible
Example: crying or grimacing when in pain

A

Phenomena

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12
Q

Nursing Phenomena can be:
(DCCIP)

A
  • Disease process
  • Clinical or environmental setting of nursing
  • Client’s behavior
  • Interventions
  • Practices
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13
Q

All natural events that the human senses can perceive can be called

A

Phenomenon

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14
Q

Theory is T-H-E-O-R-Y

A
  • True possibly-not known or proven to be true
  • Hypothetical sets of facts, principles or circumstances
  • Explains facts, events or phenomena
  • Organized set of related statements
  • Rooted from the Greek word “theoria”- “looking at, viewing, beholding”
  • Yes! it is followed as a basis of action
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15
Q
  • an organized set of related statements that describes or explains phenomena in a systematic way
  • also a group of related concepts that propose actions that guide practice
A

Theory

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16
Q

Theory is composed of:

A

CPAD
Concepts
Propositions
Assumptions
Definitions

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17
Q

a mental idea of a phenomenon; the building blocks of theories; can come from an empirical phenomena or any abstraction of how a person perceived an object that is not physically present or observed

A

Concept

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18
Q

2 types of concepts

A

Abstract, Concrete

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19
Q

are indirectly observed or intangible; it is independent of time and place
Examples: love, care, freedom

A

Abstract

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20
Q

is directly observed or tangible
Examples: nurse, mother, pain

A

Concrete

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21
Q

are the meaning of a word based on how a certain theory or relevant literature perceives it to be
Examples: roles/concepts of nurse, patient care, and environment

A

Conceptual definitions

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22
Q

are meaning of a word based on the method of how it was measured or how the person come up with that perception
Example: significance of pain perception and practiced nursing intervention.

A

Operational definitions

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23
Q

a statement of relationship between concepts

A

Proposition

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24
Q

statement that specifies the relationship of factual concepts/phenomena

A

Assumption

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25
Q

composed of various descriptions which convey a general meaning and reduces the vagueness in understanding a set of concepts

A

Definition

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26
Q

a creative and rigorous structuring of ideas that projects a tentative, purposeful and systematic view of phenomena

A

Chin and Kramer (1991)

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27
Q

is an organized, coherent set of concepts and their relationship to each other that offers descriptions, explanations and predictions about phenomena

A

Parker (2001)

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28
Q

a set of concepts, definitions, relationships and assumptions that project a systematic view of phenomena

A

Potter (2004)

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29
Q

a reasoned proposed explanation of an occurrence, or of something that will occur or be produced, for which absolute proof is lacking

A

Blackwell (2005)

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30
Q

a set of concepts and propositions that provide an early way to view phenomena

A

Delaune and Ladner (2006)

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31
Q

an abstract statement formulated to predict, explain or describe the relationships among concepts, constructs or events. It is tested by observation and research using factual data

A

Mosby (2006)

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32
Q

is a supposition or system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon

A

Kozier (2008)

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33
Q

Characteristics of Theories

A
  • Can correlate concepts/generate a different way of looking at a certain fact or phenomenon
  • Logical in nature
  • Simple but generally broad in nature
  • Can be the source of hypotheses that can be tested for it to be elaborated
  • Contribute in enriching the general body of knowledge
  • Can be used by practitioners to direct and enhance their practice
  • Consistent with other validated theories, laws and principles but will open unanswered issues that need to be tested
34
Q

What are the different types of Theories according to Function?

A
  1. Descriptive Theories also known as Factor- Isolating Theories
  2. Explanatory Theories or Factor-Relating Theories
  3. Predictive Theories otherwise known as Situation-Relating Theories
  4. Prescriptive Theories also called Situation-Producing Theories
35
Q
  • To know the properties and workings of a discipline.
  • The primary level of theory development.
  • Identify and describe major concepts of phenomena.
A

Descriptive Theories/Factor- Isolating Theories

36
Q

Main purpose: to present a phenomenon based on the five senses together with their corresponding meaning.

A

Descriptive Theories/Factor- Isolating Theories

37
Q
  • To examine how properties relate and thus affect the discipline.
  • Present relationship among concepts and propositions.
A

Explanatory Theories or Factor-Relating Theories

38
Q
  • Aim to provide information on how or why concepts are related.
    Example : A research study on factors affecting newborns failure to thrive.
A

Explanatory Theories or Factor-Relating Theories

39
Q
  • To calculate relationships between properties and how they occur
  • Describe future outcomes consistently.
  • Generated and tested using experimental research.
    Example: A theoretical model based on the observation of unsanitary environmental condition on the recovery of the post-operative patients
A

Predictive Theories otherwise known as Situation-Relating Theories

40
Q
  • To identify under which conditions relationships occurs.
  • Test the validity and certainty of specific nursing interventions.
  • Commonly used in testing new nursing interventions.
    Example: Laurente’s theory validates and explains the different nursing management in the emergency room in relieving anxiety among clients.
A

Prescriptive Theories also called Situation-Producing Theories

41
Q

a group of related concepts that are derive from the nursing models

A

Nursing theory

42
Q

Nursing Theory as an articulated and communicated conceptualization of invented or discovered reality in or pertaining to nursing for the purpose of DESCRIBING, EXPLAINING, PREDICTING, or PRESCRIBING nursing care. This definition states the importance of expressing nursing theory in providing direction to nursing care

A

Meleis 1991

43
Q

Barnum (1994) stated that a complete nursing theory is one that has

A

Context
Content
Process

44
Q

resembles environment to which nursing act takes place

A

context

45
Q

subject of the theory

A

content

46
Q

method by which the nurse acts in using nursing theory

A

process

47
Q
  • Are patterns or models used to show a clear relationship among existing theoretical frameworks in nursing.
A

nursing paradigms

48
Q

the recipient of nursing care like individuals, families and communities

A

person

49
Q

the holistic level of wellness that the person experiences

A

health

50
Q

All internal and external conditions, circumstances, and influences affecting the person.

A

environment

51
Q

the interventions of the nurse rendering care in support of, or in cooperation with the client

A

nursing

52
Q
  • Refers to any systematic knowledge or practice in a discipline of study.
  • Refers to system of acquiring knowledge based on scientific method.
  • An organized body of knowledge gained through research.
A

science

53
Q
  • From the Latin word scientia, meaning
A

“knowledge”

54
Q

performing the processes of observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena. It is best thought of as an activity that combines research (the advancement of knowledge) and theory (the explanation of knowledge).

A

science

55
Q

the advancement of knowledge

A

research

56
Q

the explanation of knowledge

A

theory

57
Q

scientific methods:

A

observation
gathering of data/information
forming hypothesis
experimental investigation
conclusion or theoretical explanation

58
Q

Integration of knowledge and/or phenomenon by a rational/sentient being.

A

observation

59
Q

Recognition and collecting data for a particular scientific problem or inquiry.

A

gathering of data/information

60
Q

An attempt to explain or suggest a nature of a phenomenon.

A

forming hypothesis

61
Q

A set of examinations done to solve the particular query raised through the hypothesis process.

A

experimental investigation

62
Q

A statement explaining a set of natural phenomena or a scientific query derived from experimental investigation.

A

conclusion/theoretical explanation

63
Q

suggests an understanding acquired through learning or investigation of what is known about a discipline’s subject matter
__________ may be based on fact or it may be theoretical based knowledge that is more tentative and subject to change as theory is tested and developed.

A

knowledge

64
Q

is composed of both theoretical and practical knowledge (Meleis, 1997).

A

nursing knowledge

65
Q

stimulates thinking and broadens understanding of the science and practice of the Nursing discipline.

A

theoretical knowledge

66
Q

is referred to as the art of nursing.
* Knowledge acquirement involves several cognitive processes

A

practical knowledge

67
Q

types of cognitive process

A

perception
association
learning
reasoning
communication

68
Q

Transferring data from sender to receiver using different mediums or tools of communication

A

communication

69
Q

Mental process of seeking conclusions through reason

A

reasoning

70
Q

Acquiring experience, skills, information and values

A

learning

71
Q

Combining two or more concepts/ideas to form a new concept or for comparison

A

association

72
Q

Achieving understanding of sensory data

A

perception

73
Q

Knowledge emerges from a range of sources which can be categorized into three namely

A

traditional, authoritative, and scientific sources

74
Q

a nursing practice which is passed down from generation to generation. When asked about the basis of nursing practice the answer would be as simple as “It’s always been practiced this way.”

A

traditional knowledge

75
Q

an idea by a person of authority which is perceived as true because of his/her expertise.

A

authoritative knowledge

76
Q

a type of knowledge which came from a scientific method through research. These new ideas are tested and measured systematically using objective criteria

A

scientific knowledge

77
Q

is the application of systematic, scientific methods to study phenomena and generate knowledge. Research may generate theory when executed with an inductive approach or it may test theory when conducted with a deductive approach.

A

research

78
Q

is a form of reasoning that is loosely described as moving from the specific to the general. In inductive research, particular events are observed and interpreted as a basis for formulating general theoretical statements such as phenomenology or grounded theory.

A

induction reasoning

79
Q

is a form of logical reasoning that is loosely described as progressing from the general to the specific. Two or more relational statements are used to draw a conclusion .From the theoretical relationships, specific empirical hypotheses are derived.

A

deduction reasoning

80
Q

combines induction and deduction to originate ideas. This form of reasoning uses analogy as a method of devising theory

A

retroduction

81
Q

is a testable relationship statement.

A

hypothesis

Theoretical Foundation in Nursing (4 decks)

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