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Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Drug is derived from the word ______

A

Pharmakon

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2
Q

The “study of “or knowledge of”

A

Logia

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3
Q

Chemicals that are induced into the body to cause some sort of change

A

Drugs

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4
Q

Known as clinical pharmacology

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

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5
Q

The branch of pharmacology that uses drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

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6
Q

The study of drugs

A

Pharmacology

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7
Q

Clinical pharmacology addresses two key concern

A
  1. The drugs effect on the body
  2. The body’s response to the drug
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8
Q

What are the sources of drugs?

A

Natural and Synthetic

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9
Q

What are the natural sources

A

Plants
Animals
Inorganic compounds

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10
Q

Main component of growing alternative therapy movements

A

Plants

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11
Q

Example of Anti-malarial drugs

A

Quinine

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12
Q

Give examples of inorganic compounds

A

Aluminum
Chlorine
Gold
Iron

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13
Q

Aluminum is for

A

Antacid - gastric acidity

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14
Q

Chlorine is for what?

A

Dental cavities

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15
Q

It is a source of drugs that is not natural

A

Synthetic

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16
Q

An agency in the US that regulates the development and sale of drugs

A

FDA / Food and Drug Administration

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17
Q

Before receiving the final FDA approval, drugs must undergo the ______

A

Stages of development

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18
Q

Refers to the testing of chemicals with therapeutic value on laboratory animals

A

Preclinical trials

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19
Q

How many phases?

A

4

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20
Q

This phase uses human volunteers

A

Phase 1

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21
Q

Who are the common volunteers in the PHASE I

A

Young Men

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22
Q

Why young men in phase not women?

A

Woman are not good candidates for this phase since the chemicals may cause harmful effects on the ova

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23
Q

In this phase, it allows clinical investigators to try out the drug in patients who have the disease

A

Phase II

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24
Q

Phase II can be performed in

A

hospitals, clinics, doctors office

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25
In this phase, it involves the use of the drug in a vast clinical market
Phase III
26
In this phase, the patient should be observed closely
Phase III
27
It is the "trade name"
Brand name
28
It refers to an approved drug developed by pharmaceutical company
Brand name
29
It is the original designation that a drug is given when the company that developed it applies for the approval process
Generic name
30
It reflect the chemical structure of the drug
Chemical name
31
These always appears STRAIGHT PRINT
generic and chemical name
32
These always appears ITALICISED
Brand name
33
Entire drug development and approval process may take _______
5-6 years
34
RA 6675
Generics Act of 1988
35
Generics Act of 1988
RA 6675
36
Dangerous Act of 1972
RA 6425
37
Comprehensive Drug Act of 2002
Ra 9165
38
This phase refers to continual evaluation after a drug was approved for marketing
Phase IV
39
Safety during pregnancy
Category A B C D X
40
This is absolutely indicated in pregnancy
Category X
41
The safetest category
Category A
42
These are drugs with abuse potential
Controlled drugs
43
Example of controlled drugs
Anti-pyschotic drug, anti-depressants
44
These are usually in yellow prescription
Controlled drugs
45
Drugs sold by their generic names
Generic drugs
46
Drugs that have been discovered but that are not financiallg viable
Orphan drugs
47
These are drugs available without prescription for self treatment
OTC / Over the counter drugs
48
Three phases of drug action
Pharmaceutics Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics
49
This phase is the "Dissolution"
Pharmaceutics
50
This is the dissolving of the smaller particles in the gi fluid
Dissolution
51
Breakdown of tablet into smaller particles
Disintegration
52
The 1st phase of drug action
Pharmaceutics
53
Time it takes for the drug to dinintegrate and dissolve
Rate limiting
54
The phase on how the body acts on the drug
Pharmacokinetics
55
Is the process of drug movement to achieve drug action
Pharmacokinetics
56
The 2nd phase of drug action
Pharmacokinetics
57
The phase how the body processes drugs
Pharmacokinetics
58
4 basic components of Pharmacokinetics
Absorption Distribution Metabolism (Biotransformation) Excretion
59
Movement of drug particles from gi tract to body fluids
Absorption
60
Three types of absorption
Passive absorption Active absorption Pinocytosis
61
Movement of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream
Passive Absorption
62
Movement from higher concentration to lower concentration
Diffusion
63
This absorption does not require energy to move across the membrane
Passive absorption
64
This absorption requires a carrier such as an enzyme or protein
Active absorption
65
In this absorption, energy is required
Active absorption
66
Process by which cells carry drug across their membrane by engulfinf drug particles
Pinocytosis
67
Allows a drug to dissolve only in alkaline
Enteric Coating
68
Allow drugs to be released slowly over time
Sustained release drugs
69
The transport of drugs from the blood to the site of actioj
Distribution
70
The degree of distribution of a drug into various body compartments
Volume of Distribution
71
The breakdown of drug
Metabolism
72
A more water soluble compound that can easily excreted
Metabolite
73
A process by which the body changes the chemical structure of a drug to another form called a metabolite
Biotransformation
74
Hereditary influences drug responses, refers to variations in which individuals metabolize drugs
Pharmacogenetics
75
Process where drugs are removed from the body
Excretion
76
The major organs of excretion
Kidney
77
Minor routes of drug excretion
Intestine Sweat Saliva Breast milk
78
Elimination of drugs from circulation by all routes
Clearance of drugs
79
What are the different effects of drugs?
Therapeutic/ Desired Effect Adverse drug reaction Side effects Drug toxicity Drug abuse
80
Harm that occurs while a patient is taking a drug
Adverse event
81
Unwanted or harmful reaction experienced following the administration of a drug
Adverse drug reaction
82
An effect caused by a drug other than intended therapeutic effect, whether beneficial, neutral, or harmful
Side effecf
83
Exaggerated adverse reaction to drug
Hypersensitivity / allergy
84
Describes adverse effects of a drug that occur
Drug toxicity
85
The misuse of recreational or therapeutic drugs that may lead to addiction
Drug abuse

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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