LESSON #1 Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
The act of asking any question
A
Inquiry
2
Q
A systematic inquiry
A
Research
3
Q
An exhaustive inquiry
A
Research
4
Q
What does research mean?
A
To repeatedly search for answers
5
Q
Cerchier
A
To seek
6
Q
Re
A
Repeat/again
7
Q
3 Approaches in Research
A
- Quantitative
- Qualitative
- Mixed Method
8
Q
3 Approaches in Mixed Method
A
- Convergent Parallel
- Exploratory Sequential
- Explanatory Sequential
9
Q
Quali —> quanti
A
Exploratory Sequential
10
Q
Quanti —> quali
A
Explanatory Sequential
11
Q
True or False: QR is a subjective investigation.
A
False, objective
12
Q
What does QR focus on?
A
Numbers/numerical analysis and their relationships with events
13
Q
True or False: In terms of methodology, QR has faster data collection.
A
False, slower
14
Q
True or False: In terms of methodology, QR has faster data analysis.
A
True
15
Q
The 7 Characteristics of QR
A
- Objective
- Clearly defined research questions
- Structured research instruments
- Numerical Data
- Large sample sizes
- Replication
- Future Outcomes
16
Q
True or False: In QR, we use inductive reasoning.
A
False, deductive
17
Q
True or False: QR is replicable.
A
True
18
Q
QR helps in quali because?
A
The results collected from QR can also strengthen the data obtained from quali, making it less subjective. This narrows down possible conclusions and directions to follow.
19
Q
True or False: QR is cheap if conducted.
A
False, costly
20
Q
True or False: QR relies on only a small number of respondents.
A
False, large sample
21
Q
True or False: It is easy to gather information using structured research instruments in QR.
A
False, difficult
22
Q
True or False: Contextual factors that explain variations and results in QR are usually ignored.
A
True
23
Q
True or False: If QR process is not done correctly, yielded data will be inaccurate and incomplete.
A
True
24
Q
This defines the next steps of your research
A
Research Design
25
An overall strategy to integrate components of the study in a coherent and logical way
Research Design
26
2 Kinds of QR
1. Non-Experimental
2. Experimental
27
What kind of QR has manipulation of variables?
Experimental
28
What kind of QR studies variables in their natural occurrence?
Non-Experimental
29
What kind of QR does not involve the manipulation of variables?
Non-Experimental
30
What kind of QR establishes causality?
Experimental
31
What kind of QR establishes the association or relationship between variables?
Non-Experimental
32
What kind of QR studies the cause and effect between variables?
Experimental
33
What kind of QR involves studying an intervention or treatment?
Experimental
34
Kinds of Non-Experimental QR
1. Descriptive
2. Ex-Post Facto / Causal Comparative
3. Comparative
4. Evaluative
5. Methodological
35
Obtains a measure of scores
Descriptive Research Design
36
Serves as a starting point for hypothesis generation and theory development
Descriptive Research Design
37
Main objective is to observe, describe, and document aspects of a situation as it naturally occurs
Descriptive Research Design
38
2 Types of Descriptive Research Design
1. Survey
2. Correlational
39
What DRD is used to gather information from groups of people by selecting and studying samples?
Survey
40
What DRD is used to have a general picture of your population?
Survey
41
2 Types of Survey
1. Cross-sectional
2. Longitudinal
42
A survey happening over time with the same participants all throughout
Longitudinal
43
A survey conducted during a specific point in time
Cross-sectional
44
A survey that evidently demonstrates the trend and direction of the data
Longitudinal
45
What kind of DRD is used to find the association or relationship between different variables/groups of respondents under study?
Correlational
46
True or False: Correlational DRD both describes the relationship and explains the why behind it.
False, does not explain why
47
3 Types of Correlational DRD
1. Bivariate Correlational Studies
2. Prediction Studies
3. Multiple Regression Prediction Studies
48
A kind of Correlational DRD including 2 variables that correlate with one another.
Bivariate Correlational Studies
49
A kind of Correlational DRD that uses correlation coefficient to show how V1 predicts V2
Prediction Studies
50
V1
Predictor Variable
51
V2
Criterion Variable
52
A kind of Correlational DRD involving multiple variables for predicting V2
Multiple Regression Prediction Studies
53
True or False: In MRPS, you can also have many V2s.
True
54
“after the fact”
Ex-Post Facto
55
Discusses why and how a phenomenon occurs
Causal-Comparative
56
Derives conclusions from observations and manifestations that have already occurred in the past
Ex-Post Facto
57
The phenomenon was already existing before conducting your study
Ex-Post Facto
58
Comparing or contrasting 2 or more samples on 1 or more variables
Comparative
59
True or False: Comparative QR is done throughout time.
False, often only in a single point in time
60
Relies on evidence-based data
Evaluative
61
Usually done to see if a program or policy is working / effective
Evaluative
62
Aims to determine what happened during an activity or in an institution
Evaluative
63
Involves the act of implementing methodologies
Methodological
64
Data from different disciplines are integrated
Methodological
65
Meta-research
Methodological
66
Achieves goal of developing a scale-matched approach
Methodological
67
The deliberate alteration or change in one or more IVs to observe their effects on DV
Manipulation
68
Minimizes the element of bias
Randomization
69
Involves the random assignment of participants to different experimental groups
Randomization
70
The careful management of variables in an experiment to minimize sources of error or bias
Control
71
Variables that are not emphasized in the study but still could affect the results of the study
Extraneous Variables
72
A group with no treatment provided
Control Group
73
Treatment Group
A group with treatment
74
Kinds of Experimental Research Design
1. Pre-Experimental
2. Quasi-Experimental
3. True Experimental
75
Has the least internal validity
Pre-Experimental
76
The researcher has little control over the research
Pre-Experimental
77
Looks for causal relationships
Pre-Experimental
78
Kinds of Pre-Experimental Research
1. One-Shot Case Study Research Design
2. One Group Pre-Test Post-Test Research Design
79
There is no point of comparison in this group
OSCS
80
Treatment of a single group
Pre-Experimental
81
Takes only a single measurement after the experiment
(Post-Test) OSCS
82
Analyzes only post-test results
OSCS
83
Process in OSCS
Experimental Group —> Treatment —> Post-Test
84
Treatment of a single group but takes 2 measures into account
OGPTPT
85
Process of OGPTPT
Pre-Test —> Intervention/Treatment —> Post-Test
86
True or False: In Pre-Experimental, manipulation and control are both present.
False, only manipulation
87
Only partially or half-true
Quasi-Experimental
88
Nearly a true experiment, but there is something lacking
Quasi-Experimental
89
True or False: In QE, there is randomization and control.
False, manipulation and control
90
Why is there no randomization in QE?
The researches chooses pre-existing groups
91
The researcher has control over the variables, treatment, and the subjects
True Experimental
92
Subjects are randomly assigned to groups
True Experimental
93
True or False: In TE, MR. C is complete.
True
94
Kinds of True Experimental Research Design
1. Pre-test Post-test only control group
2. Post-test only control group
3. Solomon Four Group Design
95
A kind of TERD that has both pre-test and post-test
PTPTOCG
96
True or False: PTPTOCG is the only group wherein both the experimental and control groups are both present.
False, also PTOCG
97
Solomon Four Group Design Process
- Subjects are assigned to 1 or 4 groups
- Pre-test is given to 2 groups
- Post-test is given to all 4 groups
98
How many experimental and control groups are there in SFGD?
2 each
