LESSON 1 Flashcards
Old Meaning of History
- study of the past
- a record of past events
Where does the word History came from?
Latin “historia” - knowledge acquired through inquiry
The Modern Meaning of History
Reconstruction of the past bases on
- written records
- cultural artifacts
- folk tradition
- historical evidence
- and relics
We study history based on a point of view of a group.
The view points
The cultural identity and beliefs were given by invading nations.
Colonialism
An instance when the discovered island try to preserve and show distinct identity, in the scenario we revert back to our old days like making baybayin more popular in the modern word.
Post-colonialism
Requires that knowledge must be empirical and evidence that is oberservable evidence. It is from this school of thought came the dictum: no evidence, no history.
Positivism
Examples of other evidences?
- cultural artifacts
- relics
- tradition
- folklore
- mythology
Why is history a difficult subject?
- we can’t go back to the past and relive history
- facts can’t speak nor give us the true events
- subjective nature of history
The 3 requirements in the study of history
- Rigor
- Research tradition
- Scientific methodologies
It is defined as a strict precision; in history, this refers to absolute certainty.
Rigor
Certain format, styles, and rules have to be followed when writing historical research.
Research tradition
Identifying the problem, making hypothesis, experiment, and make a conclusion.
Scientific methodologies
The 3 classification of historical sources
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
These are sources produced during the same period of what as under study.
Primary Sources
Examples of primary sources
- Artifacts
- Interviews
- Journal and Newspaper Articles
- Audio and Video recordings
- Survey Research
- Original documents and records
Problem with primary sources?
Not accessible and readily available in local bookstore bc they are preserved at the National Historical Commission of the Philippines
Made by an author using primary source material.
Secondary sources
Example of Secondary Sources?
- Bibliographies
- Biographical works
- Commentaries and critisms
- Dictionaries and encyclopedia
- Magazine and newspaper articles
These are information coming from third hand information with no verifiable sources like Youtube videos.
Tertiary sources
The practice of verifying the authenticity of the evidence by examining its physical characteristics; consistency with the historical characteristics of the time when it was produced; and the materials used for the evidence.
External criticism
The examination of the truthfulness of the evidence. It looks content of the source and examines the circumstances of its production.
Internal criticism
Becomes the primary mean by which anyone would find an information that they need. In fact, it would be easy to get lost in all the date available.
Internet
Great resource for research if you know how to use it properly. Treat anything you find online as a source and use the same historical methods you have learned to analyze the date you get online.
Cyberspace
