Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AUBF > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who wrote a book on uroscopy in the 5th century BCE?

A

Hippocrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Frederik Dekkers discovery in 1694 by boiling urine

A

Albuminuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who develop the methods of quantitating the microscopic sediments?

A

Thomas Addis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Introduced the concept of urinalysis in 1827

A

Richard Bright

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A metabolic waste product produced in the liver

A

Urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Organic substances of urine

A

Creatinine
Uric acid
Urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Inorganic components of urine

A

Chloride
Sodium
Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Urine composition

A

95% water
5% solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Decrease in urine output

A

Oliguria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cessation of urine flow

A

Anuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Increase in the nocturnal excretion of urine

A

Nocturia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Increase in daily urine volume

A

Polyuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Decreased production of ADH leads to what?

A

Diabetes insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Decreased insulin and increased glucose leads to what?

A

Diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fluid loss in both diseases is compensated by increased ingestion of water

A

Polydipsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The recommended capacity of the urine container

A

50mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Volume of the specimen needed for microscopic analysis

A

12mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The most routinely used method of preservation

A

Refrigeration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What changes happen in an unpreserved urine? (Color)

A

Modified/darkened
Oxidation or reduction of metabolites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What changes happen in an unpreserved urine?
(Clarity)

A

Decreased
Bacterial growth and precipitated of amorphous material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What changes happen in an unpreserved urine?
(Odor)

A

Increased
Bacterial multiplication causing breakdown of urea to ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What changes happen in an unpreserved urine?
(pH)

A

Increased
Breakdown of urea to ammonia by urease-producing bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What changes happen in an unpreserved urine? (Glucose)

A

Decrease
Glycolysis and bacterial use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What changes happen in an unpreserved urine? (Ketones)

A

Decreased
Volatilization and bacterial metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What changes happen in an unpreserved urine? (Bilirubin)
Decreased Exposure to light/ photo oxidation to biliverdin
26
What changes happen in an unpreserved urine? (Urobilinogen)
Decreased Oxidation to urobilin
27
What changes happen in an unpreserved urine? (Nitrite)
Increased Multiplication of nitratre-reducing bacteria
28
What changes happen in an unpreserved urine? (Rbc and wbc casts)
Decreased disintegration in dilute alkaline urine
29
What changes happen in an unpreserved urine? (Bacteria)
Increased Multiplication
30
What changes happen in an unpreserved urine? (Trichonomas)
Decreased Loss of motility, death
31
It may be collected at any time
Random specimen
32
A type of preservatives that prevents bacterial growth and metabolism
Boric acid
33
Excellent sediment preservative
Formalin
34
A good preservative for drug analyses
Sodium fluoride
35
For routine screening, pregnancy test and orthostatic protein
First morning specimen
36
For quantitative chemical test
24 hour (or timed) specimen
37
For bacterial culture
Catheterized
38
For routine screening and bacterial culture
Midstream clean-catch
39
For bladder urine for bacterial culture
Suprapubic aspiration
40
For prostatic infection
Three-glass collection
41
Functional units of kidney
Nephrons
42
2 types of nephrons
Cortical- responsible for removal of waste products and reabsorption of nutrients. Juxtamedullary- for the concentration of the urine
43
Renal functions:
Renal blood flow Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion
44
This is where the blood enters the capillaries of the nephron
Afferent arteriole
45
This is where the major exchanges of of water and salts takes place between the blood and the medullary interstitium
Vasa recta
46
Hydrostatic pressure and osmotic gradient occur
Renal blood flow
47
Physical examination of urine:
Color, clarity, specific gravity, odor
48
Normal urine color
Yellow
49
Pigment that causes yellow color in urine
Urochrome
50
Dark yellow or amber urine
Presence of bilirubin
51
Yellow- green color
Presence of biliverdin
52
Red and cloudy
Presence of rbc
53
Red and clear
Presence of myoglobin and hemoglobin
54
Brown or black
Melanoma
55
Blue or gree
Pseudomonas infection
56
No visible particulates
Clear
57
Few particulates
Hazy
58
Many particulates
Cloudy
59
Print cannot be seen through urine
Turbid
60
Precipitate or be clotted
Milky
61
Presence of squamous epithelial cells and mucus
Nonpathologic turbidity
62
Presence of rbc, wbc, and bacteria in urine
Pathologic turbidity
63
Determines the concentration of dissolved particles in a specimen by measuring refractive index
Refractometer
64
It consist of weighted float attached to a scale that has been calibrated in terms of urine specific gravity
Urinometry
65
What is the odor of a freshly voided urine
Aromatic
66
Cause of ammonia-like odor
Bacterial decomposition, UTI
67
Cause of fruity sweet odor
Ketones
68
Cause of maple syrup odor
Maple syrup urine disease
69
Cause of mousy odor
Phenylketonuria
70
Cause of rancid odor
Tyrosinemia
71
Cause of sweaty feet odor
Isovaleric acidemia
72
Cause of cabbage odor
Methionine malabsorption
73
Cause of bleach odor
Contamination

AUBF (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions