Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AUBF > Microscopic Examination > Flashcards

Microscopic Examination Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the formed elements in the urine

A

Rbc
Wbc
Epithelial cells
Cast
Bacteria
Yeast
Parasites
Mucus
Spermatozoa
Crystals
Artifacts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Methods by which the sediment is prepared, the volume of sediment actually examined, the methods and equipments used to obtain visualization, and the manner in which the results are reported.

A

Microscopic analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Color (significance)

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Clarity (significance)

A

Hematuria versus hemoglobinuria/ myoglobinuria
Confirm pathologic or non pathologic cause of turbidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blood (significance)

A

RBC, RBC casts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Protein (significance)

A

Cast, cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nitrite (significance)

A

Bacteria, WBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Leukocyte esterase (significance)

A

WBC, WBC casts, bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Glucose (significance)

A

Yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This can cause precipitation of amorphus urates and phosphates and other nonpathologic crystals

A

Refrigeration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This type of specimen collection minimizes external contamination of the sediment

A

Midstream clean-catch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A standard amount of urine that can be centrifuged in a conical tube

A

10-15 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

RCF Formula

A

RCF= 1.118x10^-5 x radius in centimeters x RPM^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Volume that is frequently used for uniform amount of urine and sediment

A

0.5 and 1.0mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

To maintain a uniform sediment concentration factor, urine should be

A

Aspirated off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When using the conventional glass-slide method, the recommended volume is

A

0.02mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Examples of commercial systems

A

KOVA, urisystem, quick- prep urinalyis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Low power is used to detect (10x) what?

A

Epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

High power (40x) is used to detect what?

A

Wbc
Rbc
Yeast
Parasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Often present to provide a point of reference

A

Epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How are casts reported in the microscopic examination

A

Average number per low power field (lpf)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How are rbc and wbc reported in microscopic examination

A

Average number per 10 high-power fields (hpf)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How are epithelial cells, crystals, and other elements reported in microscopic examination

A

Semiquantitive terms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Who developed the first procedure to standardize the quantitation of formed elements in the urine microscopic analysis

A

Addis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
It used a hemocytometer to count the number of RBC, WBC, casts, and epithelial cells present in a 12-he specimen
Addis count
26
Increases the overall visibility of sediment elements being examined using bright field microscopy by changing the refractive index
Staining
27
Identifies WBC, epithelial cells, and cast Most frequent used stain in urinalysis
Sternheimer Malbin
28
Differentiate WBC and renal tubular epithelial cells, enhances nuclear detail
Toluidine blue
29
Distinguishes rbc from wbc, yeast, oil droplets and crystals Lyses rbc and enhance wbc
2% acetic acid
30
Identify the free fat droplets and lipid containing cells and casts Do not stain cholesterol
Lipid stain: oild red O and sudan
31
Identifies bacterial cast Differentiate gram positive and gram negative
Gram stain
32
Identifies urinary eosinophils
Hansel stains
33
Identifies yellow brown granules of hemosiderin in cells and casts
Prussian blue stain
34
Used for routine urinalysis
Bright field microscopy
35
Enhances hyaline cast, mixed cellular cast, mucous threads and trichinomas
Phase- contrast microscopy
36
Aids in identification of cholesterol
Polarizing microscopy
37
Aids in identification of treponema paliidum
Dark field microscopy
38
Allows visualization of naturally fluorescent microorganisms like antigens and antibodies
Fluorescence microscopy
39
Produces a three dimensional microscopy image
Interference- contrast
40
Smooth, non nucleated , biconcave disk measuring approximately 7mm in diameter
Red blood cells
41
What is the appearance of the rbc in concentrated urine
Crenated
42
What is the appearance of rbc in dilute urine
Ghost cells
43
Rbc that vary in size, have cellular protrusions, pr are fragmented
Dysmorphic
44
Larger than rbc measuring an average of about 12mm in diameter
White blood cells
45
The predominant wbc found in the urine sediment
Neutrophils
46
Where does neutrophils lyse rapidly and begin to lose nuclear details
Dilute alkaline
47
Brownian movement of the granules within these larger cells produces a sparkling appearance They have no pathologic significance
Glitter cells
48
The presence of this cell is primarily associated with drug induced interstitial nephritis. May be seen with urinary tract infections
Eosinophils
49
Smallest wbc
Lymphocytes
50
Large WBCs and may appear vacuolated or contain inclusions.
Monocytes, macrophages and histiocytes
51
Usually larger than wbc with an eccentrically located nucleus
RTE cells
52
An increase in urinary WBCs, presence of an infection or inflammation in the genitourinary sytem
Pyuria
53
Types of epithelial cells seen in urine
Squamous Transitional Renal tubular
54
Largest cells found in the urine sediment, it contains abundant, irregular cytoplasm and a prominent nucleus
Squamous cells
55
Where does squamous epithelial cells usually originate
Linings of the vagina and female urethra Lower portion of the male urethra
56
A variation of squamous epithelial cells, have a pathological significance, indicative of vaginal infection by the bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis
Clue cells
57
These are smaller than squamous cells and appear in several forms, including spherical, polyhedral and caudate
Transitional epithelial cells
58
Where does transitional epithelial cells usually originate
Lining of the renal pelvis, calyces, ureters, and bladder Upper portion of male urethra
59
Increased number of transitional cells
Syncytia
60
They tend to have a rectangular shape and referred as columnar or convoluted cells
Renal tubular epithelial cells
61
Shape of the cell from the distal convoluted tubule
Smaller
62
Shape of the cell from proximal convoluted tubule
Smaller, round or oval
63
Presence of rte cells are often result as
Tissue destruction (necrosis)
64
Lipid containing RTE cells
Oval fat bodies
65
Appearance of droplets containing cholesterol using polarized microscopy
Maltese cross formation
66
RTE is report as
Semiquantitive terms
67
Oval fat bodies is reported as
Semiquantitive terms
68
Most frequently associated with damage to the glomerulus
Lipiduria
69
It may be present in urine due to collected specimens that are in sterile condition (catheterized) Present in cocci or bacili
Bacteria
70
The bacteria that is most frequently associated with UTI
Enterobacteriaceae
71
Appear in the urine as small, refractile oval structures that may or may not contain a bud.
Yeast
72
Yeast cell that are seen in the urine of diabetic patients, immunocompromised patients, and women with vaginal moniliasis
Candida albicans
73
Most frequent parasite encountered in the urine
Trichomonas vaginalis
74
The most common contaminant is ova from what pinworm
Enterobius vermicularis
75
Easily identified in the urine sediment by their oval, slightly tapered heads and long, flagella like tails
Spermatozoa
76
It is a protein material, appears microscopically as thread like structures with a low refractive index
Mucus
77
It is a glycoprotein excreted by the RTE cells, it is a major constituent of mucus
Uromodulin

AUBF (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions