Lesson 1 Flashcards
(163 cards)
1
Q
Combining form
A
A word root that has a vowel, usually the letter “o” put on the end before the addition of another word root or a suffix. Word root with a combining vowel added at the end, used when two Word roots are combined or when a suffix beginning with a consonant is added. This is shown with a back splash / between the word root and the combining vowel.
2
Q
Suffixes
A
The word part attached at the end of a word that usually, but not always, indicates the procedure, condition, disorder, or disease. Suffix is shown with a hyphen preceding it.
3
Q
Prefixes
A
The word part attached at the beginning of a word that usually, but not always, indicates location, time, number, or status. Prefix is shown followed by a hyphen
4
Q
-algia
(Word part)
A
Pain, suffering
5
Q
Dys-
(Word part)
A
Bad, difficult, or painful
6
Q
-ectomy
(Word part)
A
Surgical removal, cutting out
7
Q
Hyper-
(Word part)
A
Excessive, increased
8
Q
Hypo-
(Word part)
A
Deficient, decreased
9
Q
-itis
(Word part)
A
Inflammation, also commonly used to indicate infection
10
Q
-osis
(Word part)
A
Abnormal condition, disease
11
Q
-ostomy
(Word part)
A
The surgical creation of an artificial opening to the body surface
12
Q
-otomy
(Word part)
A
Cutting, surgical incision
13
Q
-plasty
(Word part)
A
Surgical repair
14
Q
-rrhage
(Word part)
A
Bleeding, abnormal excessive fluid discharge
15
Q
-rrhaphy
(Word part)
A
Surgical suturing to close a wound and includes the use of sutures, staples or surgical glue
16
Q
-rrhea
(Word part)
A
Flow, discharge
17
Q
-rrhexis
(Word part)
A
Rupture
18
Q
-sclerosis
(Word part)
A
Abnormal hardening
19
Q
Abdominocentesis
A
Ab-dom-ih-noh-sen-tee-sis
The surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes
20
Q
Arthralgia
A
Ar-thral-jee-ah
Pain in a joint or joints
21
Q
Erythrocyte
(Pron.)
A
Eh-rith-roh-sight
22
Q
Fistula
(Pron. Meaning)
A
Fis-chuh-lah
Abnormal passage, usually between two internal organs or leading from an organ to the surface of the body. Fistula may be due to surgery, injury, or the draining of an abscess.
23
Q
Hemorrhage
A
Hem-or-idj
The loss of a large amount of blood in a short time
24
Q
Myorrhexis
A
My-oh-reck-sis
The rupture of a muscle
25
Neurorrhaphy
(Pron.)
New-ror-ah-fee
26
Otorhinolaryngology
(Pron. And meaning)
Oh-toh-rye-noh-lar-in-gol-oh-jee
Ot/o means ear, rhino means nose, laryng means throat, -ology means study of
27
Poliomyelitis
(Pron.)
Poh-lee-oh-my-eh-lye-tis
28
Four types of word parts
Word roots, combing forms, suffixes, prefixes
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Word root
Contains basic meaning of the term. Usually, but not always, indicates the involved body part
30
Cyan/o
Blue. Cyanosis is blue discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood. Cyan means blue, -osis means abnormal condition or disease
31
Erythr/o
Red. Erythrocyte, eh-rith-roh-sight, mature red blood cell. Erythr/o means red, -cyte means cell
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Leuk/o
White. Leukocyte, white blood cell. Leuk/o means white, -cyte means cell
33
Melan/o
Black. Melanosis, any condition of unusual deposits of black pigment in body tissues or organs. Melan means black, -osis means abnormal condition or disease
34
Poli/o
Gray. Poliomyelitis, poh-lee-oh-my-eh-lye-tis, viral infection of the gray nerve tissue of the spinal cord. Poli/o means gray, myel means spinal cord, -itis means inflammation
35
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine. Gast - stomach, o, enter - small intestine, itis - inflammation
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Neuroplasty
Surgical repair of a nerve
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Neurorrhaphy
Suturing together the ends of a severed nerve
38
Tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils
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Tonsillectomy
Surgical removal of the tonsils
40
Cranium
Portion of the skull that encloses the brain. Crani means skull, -um is a noun ending
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Suffixes as noun endings
-a
-e
-a is -um, also -y
-e is -us
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Suffixes meaning pertaining to
-ac
-al
-an
-AR
-ary
Used to change the meaning of the word root into an adjective
-ac is -eal, also -ior
-al is -ical, also -ory
-an is -ial, also -ous
-ar is -ic, also -tic
-ary is -ine
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Suffixes meaning abnormal condition or disease
-ago
-esis
-ia
-ago is -iasis, also -osis
-esis is -ion
-ia is -ism
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Suffixes related to pathology
Study of all aspects of diseases. Suffixes related to pathology describe specific disease conditions.
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-dynia
Another suffix meaning pain. Same meaning as -algia but not as common
46
-megaly
Enlargement
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-malacia
Abnormal sofetening
48
-necrosis
Tissue death
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-stenosis
Abnormal narrowing
50
Suffixes related to procedures
Some suffixes identify the procedure that is performed on the body part indicated by the word root
51
-centesis
Surgical puncture to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes or to remove excess fluid
52
-graphy
The process of producing a picture or record
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-gram
Picture or record
54
-scopy
Visual examination
55
Double R suffixes
They are grouped together to help you understand and to remember the differences
56
-rrhagia
Bleeding, often describe sudden, severe bleeding
57
My/o
Muscle
58
Ab-
Prefix meaning away from, negative, absent
59
Ad-
Toward, to, in the direction of. Prefix
60
Dextr/o
Right side, prefix
61
Sinistr/o
Left side, prefix
62
Ex-
Out of, outside, away from. Prefix
63
In-
In, into, not, without. Prefix
64
Macro-
Large, abnormal size, or long. Prefix
65
Micr/o, micro-
Small. Prefix
66
Mega-, megal/o
Large, great. Prefix
67
Pre-
Before. Prefix
68
Post-
After, behind . Prefix
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Prenatal
Time and event before birth. Pre- means before, nat means birth, -al means pertaining to
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Perinatal
Refers to the time and events surrounding birth. Peri- means surrounding, nat means birth, -al means pertaining to. This is the time just before, during, and just after birth
71
Postnatal
Refers to the time and events after birth. Post- means after, nat means birth, -al means pertaining to
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Eu-
Good, normal, well or easy
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Inter-
Between or among
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Intra-
Within or inside
75
Sub-
Under, less, or below
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Super-, supra-
Above or excessive
77
Context
Some word parts have more than one meaning. It is necessary to determine the context in which the term is being used. Context means to determine which body system this term is referring to
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Otolaryngology
(Pron. And meaning)
Oh-toh-lar-in-gol-oh-jee
Study of the ears and throat. Ot/o means ears, laryng means throat, -oligy means study of
79
-a
Plural ending
-ae
80
-ex or -ix
Plural ending
-ices
81
-is
Plural ending
-es
82
-itis
Plural ending
-ides
83
-nx
Plural ending
-ges
84
-on
Plural ending
-a
85
-um
Plural ending
-a
86
-us
Plural ending
-i
87
Sign
Objective evidence of disease, such as a fever
88
Objective
Sign can be evaluated or measured by the patient or others
89
Symptom
Subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headache
90
Subjective
It can be evaluated or measured only by the patient
91
Syndrome
Set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process
92
Diagnosis
Identification of a disease
93
Diagnose
Process of reaching a diagnosis
94
Differential diagnosis
Also known as rule out, r/o, an attempt to determine which one of several possible diseases is causing the signs and symptoms that are present
95
Prognosis
Prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease
96
Acute
Condition has a rapid onset, a severe course, and a relatively short duration
97
Chronic
Condition is of long duration. Although such diseases can be controlled, they are rarely cured
98
Remission
Temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease without having achieved a cure
99
Disease
Condition in which one or more body parts are not functioning normally.
100
Eponym
A disease, structure, operation, or procedure named for the person who discovered or described it first
101
Acronym
Word formed from the initial letter of the major parts of a compound term.
102
Arteri/o
Artery
103
Endarterial
Pertaining to the interior or lining of an artery. End- means within, arteri means artery, -al means pertaining to
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Ather/o
Plaque or fatty substance
105
Atheroma
Fatty deposit within the wall of an artery. Ather means fatty substance, -oma means tumor
106
Arthr/o
Joint
107
Arthalgia
Pain in a joint or joints. Arthritis means joint, -algia means pain
108
Colostomy
Surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and body surface. Col means colon, -ostomy means surgical creation of an artificial opening
109
Fissure
A groove or crack-like sore of the skin
110
ileum
Last and longest portion of the small intestine
111
ilium
Part of the hip bone
112
Infection
Invasion of the body by a pathogenic (disease-producing) organism. The infection can remain localized (near the point of entry) or can be systemic (affecting the entire body). Signs and symptoms include malaise, chills, fevers, redness, heat, swelling, or exudate from a wound
113
Malaise
French origin referring to a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness that is often the first indication of an infection or other disease
114
Exudate
A fluid, such as puss, that leaks out of an infected wound
115
Inflammation
Localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues.
116
Key indicators of inflammation
Erythema, hyperthermia, edema, pain
These are caused by extra blood flowing into the area as part of the healing process
117
Erythema
Redness
118
Hyperthermia
Heat
119
Edema
Swelling
120
Laceration
A torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut
121
Lesion
A pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury
122
Mucous
Specialized membranes that line the body cavities
123
Mucus
Name of the fluid secreted by these mucous membranes
124
Myc/o
Fungus
125
Mycosis
Any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus. Myc means fungus, -osis means abnormal condition or disease
126
Myel/o
Bone marrow or spinal cord
127
Myelopathy
Any pathologic change or disease in the spinal cord. Myel/o means spinal cord or bone marrow, -pathy means disease
128
-ologist
Specialist
129
Palpation
Examination technique in which the examiner's hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts
130
Palpitation
Pounding or racing heart
131
Pyel/o
Renal pelvis, which is a part of a kidney
132
Py/o
Pus
133
Pyoderma
Any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo. Py/o means pus, -derma means skin
134
Pyr/o
Fever or fire
135
Pyrosis
Heartburn, discomfort due to the regurgitation of stomach acid upward into the esophagus. Pyr means fire, -osis means abnormal condition or disease
136
Supination
Act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is forward or upward
137
Suppuration
Formation or discharge of pus
138
Triage
Medical screening of patients to determine their relative priority of need and the proper place of treatment
139
Trauma
Wound or injury.
140
Viral
Pertaining to a virus. Vir means virus or poison, -al means pertaining to
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Virile
Having the nature, properties or qualities of an adult male
142
Myopathy
Any pathologic change or disease of muscle tissue
143
-pathy
Any pathologic change or disease
144
Hypotension
Lower than normal blood pressure
145
Angiography
The process of recording a radiographic study of the blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium
146
Supracostal
Above or outside the ribs
147
Intramuscular
Medication was placed directly within the muscle
148
Abdominocentesis
Remove excess fluid from her abdomen
149
Acronym
A word formed from the initial letters of the major parts of a compound term
150
Appendectomy
Surgical removal of the appendix
151
Arteriosclerosis
Abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries
152
Colostomy
The surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface
153
Diarrhea
The frequent flow of loose or watery stools
154
Edema
Swelling caused by excess fluid in body
155
Gastralgia
Pain in the stomach
156
Gastrosis
Any abnormal condition or disease of the stomach
157
Hepatomegaly
Abnormal enlargement of the liver
158
Hypertension
Higher than normal blood pressure
159
Interstitial
Between, but not within, the parts of a tissue
160
Intramuscular
Within the muscle
161
Myelopathy
Any pathologic change or disease in the spinal cord
162
Myopathy
Any pathologic change or disease of muscle tissue
163
Neonatology
Study of disorders of the newborn
