Lesson 1 Flashcards
(29 cards)
A set of rules; tells a computer what operations to perform.
Programming Languages
A programming language is an _____ that controls the behavior of computers.
Artificial Language
What are the reasons for studying the concepts of programming languages? (6)
- To improve your ability to develop effective algorithms
- To improve your use of your existing programming language
- To increase our vocabulary of useful programming constructs
- To allow a better choice of programming language
- To make it easier to learn new language
- To make it easier to design a new language
What are the programming domains? (6)
Scientific Applications
Business Applications
Artificial Intelligence
Systems Programming
Scripting Languages
Special Purpose Languages
The first digital computers appeared in the _____ and invented for scientific applications.
1940s
During the World War II, the US defense department wanted computers to calculate trajectory of missiles.
Scientific Applications
The main languages developed for scientific applications. (2)
FORTRAN & ALGOL 60
Created COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) Programming Language in the 1940s, the Arithmetic Language Version 0 (A-0) in the 1950s, and the Business Language Version 0 (B-0) in 1955; worked on secret calculations for warlike computing rocket trajectories.
Grace Hopper
The use of computers for business applications began in the ______.
1950s
A programming language for ______ can produce elaborate reports and have a precise way of describing and sorting decimal numbers and character data.
Business Applications
The first high-level language for business; has tools like spreadsheets and database systems.
Common Business Orientated Language (COBOL)
In ______, artificial intelligence played a very important role.
1960
Use of symbolic rather than numeric computation (i.e. it must contain symbols, names etc.); more flexible language for symbolic computation; the ability to create and execute some code segments during execution
Artificial Intelligence
The main languages used for Artificial Intelligence, using logic programming. (2)
LISP & PROLOG
In _______, systems programming was used.
1960 & 1970
Efficient; have low level features that allow the interface to external devices to be written; provide security.
System Software
Scripting languages have evolved over _____ years.
25
Putting a list of commands called a script in a title to be executed; for simple applications like file management and file filtering.
Scripting Languages
What are the languages developed for scripting? (4)
SH
KornShell (Ksh)
AWK
TCL
Who developed SH, the first scripting language?
Stephen Bourne
Who developed KornShell (Ksh)?
David Korn
Who developed AWK?
Alfred Aho, Peter Weinberger & Brian Kernighan
Who developed TCL?
John Ousterhout
Special Purpose Languages
have evolved over the past _____ years.
40
