Lesson 2

Question 1

Over _____ languages were being used on defense projects (based on survey by US DoD in 1970s).

Answer 1

500

Question 2

When was Autocode made?

Answer 2

1952

Question 3

What are the languages developed during the mid-1950s? (3)

Answer 3

FORTRAN, LISP & COBOL

Question 4

When was FORTRAN developed?

Answer 4

1957

Question 5

When was LISP developed?

Answer 5

1958

Question 6

When was COBOL developed?

Answer 6

1959

Question 7

What were the programming languages developed during the 1960s? (4)

Answer 7

ALGOL, BASIC, PL/I & PASCAL

Question 8

When was ALGOL developed?

Answer 8

1958 — 1960

Question 9

When was BASIC developed?

Answer 9

1964

Question 10

When was PL/I developed?

Answer 10

1964

Question 11

When was PASCAL developed?

Answer 11

1970

Question 12

What is included in the development of early languages? (7)

Answer 12

Numerically Based Language
FLOW-MATIC (B-0)
FORTRAN
Algorithmic Language (ALGOL)
Information Processing Language
Basic Combined Programming Language (BCPL)
Combined Programming Language (CPL)

Question 13

In the 1940s, the main role for computers during WWII was solving differential equations to determine ballistics trajectories.

Answer 13

Numerically Based Languages

Question 14

Who developed Speedcoding in the 1950s and FORTRAN in 1957?

Answer 14

John Backus

Question 15

Developed by Grace Hopper in 1955, to develop business applications with a form of English-like text.

Answer 15

FLOW-MATIC (B-0)

Question 16

Stands for Formula Translator; developed by Backus in 1957; oriented around numerical calculations.

Answer 16

FORTRAN

Question 17

What was the goal of FORTRAN as a programming language? (3)

Answer 17

Control Structures
Conditionals
Input/Output Statements

Question 18

When and where was the information processing language created?

Answer 18

RAND Corporation and the Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1956

Question 19

Who were the proponents behind the information processing language?

Answer 19

Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw
& Herbert A. Simon

Question 20

Performs simple problem-solving actions such as:
 lists
 dynamic memory allocation
 data types
 recursion
 functions as arguments
 generators
 cooperative multitasking

Answer 20

Information Processing Language

Question 21

Also called B; is procedural, imperative, and structured; the language on which C programming language was based; the first braced programming language.

Answer 21

BCPL (Basic Combined Programming Language)

Question 22

The one who first implemented B in the University of Cambridge.

Answer 22

Martin Richards

Question 23

When was B first implemented?

Answer 23

1967

Question 24

Heavily influenced by ALGOL 60; intended for wider application area than scientific calculations.

Answer 24

Combined Programming Language (CPL)

Question 25

Enumerate the Evolution of Software Architecture. (10)

Answer 25

Define Operating/Target Environment Define Host Environment The Mainframe Era Batch Environment Interactive Environment Personal Computers Networking Era Distributed Computing Internet Scientific Artificial Intelligence

Question 26

Computers became progressively smaller, cheaper, and faster.

Answer 26

1970s

Question 27

Apple released the Apple II, the first true commercial PC.

Answer 27

1978

Question 28

PC was released by IBM.

Answer 28

1981

Question 29

Apple announced Macintosh computer during US superbowl; contained windows-based GUI with a mouse ; technology was previously developed by Xerox

Answer 29

January 1984

Question 30

The first commercial application.

Answer 30

Macintosh

Question 31

A large mainframe dominated between the 1940s and 1970s; a single, expensive computer filled a room and required many technicians.

Answer 31

The Mainframe Era

Question 32

Facilitate communication between computers; used a client-server model.

Answer 32

Local Area Network (LAN)

Question 33

The uses of computers in the networking era distributed computing. (3)

Answer 33

Payroll Report Writing Order Processing

Question 34

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) wanted to link mainframes via network to aid military information transfer.

Answer 34

1970s

Question 35

Berners-Lee developed the HTML Hyperlink at CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire).

Answer 35

1989

Question 36

Mosaic Web Browser and HTTP led to the internet.

Answer 36

1993

Question 37

Characterized by solution of math equations:  Numerical Analysis  Differential Equations  Integral Functions  Generating Statistics

Answer 37

Scientific

Question 38

Relatively new research area; LISP-dominated; programs search through large data spaces

Answer 38

Artificial Intelligence

Question 39

The role of programming languages. (5)

Answer 39

Computer Capabilities Applications Programming Methods Implementation Methods Theoretical Studies