Lesson #1

Question 1

Homeostasis:

Answer 1

1. Is a dynamic steady state - not static
2. A state of equilibrium.
3. Is typically redundant - because it is require to maintain life.

Question 2

Example of a disease that is very redundant:

Answer 2

Hypoglycemia.

Question 3

Injury that has adaptable changes to manage it:

Answer 3

Reversible injury.

Question 4

Injury that causes cell death:

Answer 4

Irreversible injury.

Question 4

Etiology:

Answer 4

Causative factors of disease.

Question 5

Pathogenesis:

Answer 5

Mechanism of disease.

Question 6

Extrinsic:

Answer 6

Disease caused by environmental/outside factors.

Question 7

Clinical manifestations:

Answer 7

Functional consequences of a disease.

Question 8

Latrogenic:

Answer 8

Disease caused by medical errors - extrinsic.

Question 9

Intrinsic:

Answer 9

Starts within the body - ie: an inherited or metabolic disease.

Question 10

Idiopathic:

Answer 10

1. Is a disease type where the causation is unknown.
2. 90% of hypertension cases are idiopathic.

Question 11

Pathogenesis is -

Answer 11

the relationship between an injury and the reaction to injury.

Question 12

Examples of the pathogenesis - injury/reaction relationships:

Answer 12

Bacterial infection (syphillis) and pulmonary hypertension.

Question 13

Signs:

Answer 13

Objective manifestations - ie: fever

Question 14

Symptoms:

Answer 14

Subjective feelings - ie: nausea

Question 15

Syndrome:

Answer 15

A collection of signs and symptoms associated with a disease.

Question 16

Lesion:

Answer 16

Structural change - any injury.

Question 17

Signs of Parkinsonism:

Answer 17

1. Rigidity.
2. Hypokinesia.
3. Gait.
4. Bent posture.

Question 18

Symptoms of Parkinsonism:

Answer 18

1. Depression.
2. Expressionless.
3. Monotonus voice.

Question 19

Causation of Parkinsonism:

Answer 19

Deficiency of dopamine.

Question 20

True or false - clinical manifestations are only systemic.

Answer 20

FALSE - Clinical manifestations can be systematic or localized.

Question 21

Acute disease:

Answer 21

Severe, but very short-lived.

Question 22

Chronic disease:

Answer 22

Lasts a very long time.

Question 23

Stages of clinical manifestation - Latent:

Answer 23

The phase between the exposure and first signs/symptoms.

Question 24

Stages of clinical manifestation - Prodomal:

Answer 24

Appearance of first signs and symptoms.

Question 25

Stages of clinical manifestation - Stage of manifest of illness:

Answer 25

When disease is acute but the syndrome is full intensity.

Question 26

Stages of clinical manifestation - Subclinical phase:

Answer 26

1. Normal function, but disease is present and established processes. 2. Organs have a reserve/safety margin for this stage, such as the liver.

Question 27

Stages of clinical manifestation - Alternating exasperation and remission:

Answer 27

Often seen in some kinds of leukemia.

Question 28

Stages of clinical manifestation - Convalescence:

Answer 28

Recovery stage.

Question 29

Stages of clinical manifestation - Sequalae:

Answer 29

1. After effects caused by a separate disease 2. Ex - Viral infection --> pneumonia.

Question 30

Stages of clinical manifestation - Complication:

Answer 30

1. Secondary disease process. 2. Pneumonia ---> lung abscess.

Question 31

Levels of prevention of disease:

Answer 31

* Primary - Managing susceptibility. * Secondary - Early detection and management of disease. * Quaternary - Alleviate disability and restore effective functioning.

Question 32

Incidence:

Answer 32

New cases.

Question 33

Prevalence:

Answer 33

New + old cases.

Question 34

Risk:

Answer 34

Number of people who experience event/# at risk

Question 35

Odds:

Answer 35

Number of people who experience event/# of people who do not.

Question 36

Endemic:

Answer 36

Confined to a local region.

Question 37

Epidemic:

Answer 37

Spreads to many people at the same time.

Question 38

Pandemic:

Answer 38

Epidemic that effects large geographic regions.

Question 39

Enzootic:

Answer 39

Affecting animals in a limited region.

Question 40

Epizootic:

Answer 40

Affecting many animals over a large region.

Question 41

Zoonoses:

Answer 41

Animal diseases that can be transmitted to humans.

Question 42

Example of zoonoses:

Answer 42

Middle east respiratory syndrome.