Lesson 1

Question 1

Study of life processes of microorganisms

Answer 1

Microbial Physiology

Question 2

Difference between archaea and bacteria cell wall

Answer 2

Archaea: Variable, some pseudo-peptidoglycan
Bacteria: Peptidoglycan a universal component

Question 3

Differenec between Archaea and Bacteria Lipids

Answer 3

Archaea: Alcohol ether-linked to glycerol
Bacteria: Fatty acids ester-linked to glycerol

Question 4

Model organism for Gram positive and negative

Answer 4

Positive: Bacillus subtilis
Negative: E. coli

Question 5

Importance of cell wall

Answer 5

Confers shape
Protects the cell from osmotic lysis
Anchors the flagellum
Adds pathogenicity of the cell
Protect from toxic substances and pathogens

Question 6

What is another name for petidoglycan

Answer 6

Murein

Question 7

Peptidoglycan can be isolated as

Answer 7

Murein sacculus

Question 8

Peptidoglycan is composed of

Answer 8

N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)

Question 9

Polymers of repeating units of glycerol or ribotol joined by phosphates of Gram positive bacteria

Answer 9

Teichoic acids

Question 10

Properties and importance of Teichoic acids

Answer 10

Highly antigenic
Anchors to the wall to the cell membrane
Provides high density of regularly oriented charges
Storage of phosphorus
Facilitates attachment of bacteriophage
Inhibits activity of autolytic enzymes which hydrolyze the murein

Question 11

Two types of teichoic acid

Answer 11

Glycerol teichoic acid and ribitol teichoic acid

Question 12

Acidic polysaccharides containing uronic acid

Answer 12

Teichuronic acid

Question 13

Waxy lipids found in Mycobacterium

Answer 13

Mycolic acid

Question 14

Mechanism of phosphonomycin

Answer 14

Preventa synthesis of UDP-NAM from UDP-NAG

Question 15

Mechanism of cycloserine

Answer 15

Inhibits the formation of pentapeptide

Question 16

Mechanism of Bacitracin

Answer 16

Inhibits incorporation of lysine into the peptidoglycan
Prevents dephosphorylation of the carrier lipid

Question 17

Mechanism of Vancomycin, Tunicamycin, Ristocetin

Answer 17

Inhibits translocation step of peptidoglycan

Question 18

Mechanism of Penicillin

Answer 18

Prevents cross-linking

Question 19

Part of Gram-negative cell wall located above the peptidoglycan layer

Answer 19

Outer membrane

Question 20

Parts of lipopolysaccharide

Answer 20

O-specific polysaccharide
Core polyssacharide
Lipid A

Question 21

Part of the lipopolysaccharide that is embedded in the membrane as part of the lipid bilayer

Answer 21

Lipid A

Question 22

Part of lipopolysaccharide that determines species variability

Answer 22

Core polysaccharide

Question 23

Part of lipopolysaccharide which consists of peculiar sugar’s which varies between bacterial strains

Answer 23

O-antigen/O-specific polysaccharide

Question 24

Importance of lipopolysaccharide

Answer 24

Avoidance of host defenses (O-antigen)
Contributes to the negative charge on the cell’s surface
Stabilizes membranes structure
Acts as endotoxins

Question 25

Mediate interconnection of Gram-negative bacteria between the outer membrane and murein

Answer 25

Lipoprotein

Question 26

Form small hydrophobic channels through the outer envelope allowing the diffusion of neutral and charged solutes

Answer 26

Porins

Question 27

Diffusion channel for various metabolites including maltose

Answer 27

OmpB

Question 28

Diffusion channel for small molecules. Receptor for phages Tulb; T4

Answer 28

OmpC

Question 29

Diffusion channel for small molecules; Receptor for ohages Tula; T2

Answer 29

OmpF

Question 30

Anion-sensitive diffusion channels induced under phosphate limitation

Answer 30

PhOE

Question 31

Specific porin for maltose, maltodexerin; Receptor for bacteriophage lambda

Answer 31

LamB

Question 32

Anion-sensitive diffusion channels induced under Pseudomans; Induced under phosphate limitation

Answer 32

Protein P

Question 33

A separate compartment between the cell membrane and outer membrane in Gram (-) bacteria

Answer 33

Periplasm

Question 34

Part of periplasm where thought to be involved jn the osmotic regulation of the periplasm because their amounts decrease when the cell are grown in media of high osmalarity

Answer 34

Oligosaccharides

Question 35

Bind to solutes and deliver solutes to specific transporters in the membrane

Answer 35

Solute binding proteins

Question 36

Component of periplasm required for the uptake of several solutes that do not diffuse through the porin

Answer 36

TonB protein

Question 37

Glycan units pf pseudopeptidoglycan

Answer 37

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetyltalosaminuronic acud (NAT)