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Mi!cro physio > Lesson 2 > Flashcards

Lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Components of phospholipids

A

Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phosphatidylglycerol

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2
Q

Ratio of glycerol-3-P, serine, and fatty acids

A

1:1:2

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3
Q

Proteins embedded in the cell membrane and amphipathic

A

Integral protein

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4
Q

Protein attached to membrane surfaces by ionic interaction

A

Peripheral Proteins

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5
Q

Rigid, planar molecules found associated with bacterial cell membrane

A

Hopanoids

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6
Q

Consists of aqueous solution of three groups of molecules

A

Cytoplasm

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7
Q

Sometimes have invagination of cytoplasmic membrane, connected. Sometimes synthesized independently

A

Intracytoplasmic Membrane

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8
Q

Why do ICM in Rhodobacter spp have invaginations

A

To increase surface area of membrane (more photosynthetic capacity?

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9
Q

Why do Azetobacter vinelandii have respiratory activity in ICM

A

To protect it from nitrogenase formation from O2 reducing N2 to NH3

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10
Q

General term for the thick cover or layer of polymers deposited outside the cell

A

Glycocalyx

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11
Q

Well organized glycocalyx, excludes particles like india ink

A

Capsula

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12
Q

Zone of diffused, unorganized material that does not exclude particles

A

Slime layer

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13
Q

Glycocalyx where Sessile cells; attached to cells. Protects cells

A

Biofilm

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14
Q

Importance of Glycocalyx

A

Exclude viruses and most hydrophobic toxic substances
Protection from physical injury
Aid attachment to surfaces
Provide resistance to phagocytes
Resorvoir of stored foods
Prevent dessication
Confers pathogenicity
Cellular garbage dump

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15
Q

Capsule composition of Gram - vs Gram +

A

Gram + consists of polypeptides and polysaccharides while Gram - consists of polysaccharides

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16
Q

Capsule composition of S pyogenes

A

Polysaccharides (Hyaluronic acid)

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17
Q

Hair-like structures on the surfaces if prokaryotic cell

A

Pili/Fimbriae

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18
Q

Pili involved in the attachment of cells to surfaces; up to 1000 per cell; major determinant if bacterial virulence

A

Adhesion pili

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19
Q

Pili that are vehicles of genetic information between bacteria; 1 to 10 per cell

A

Conjugation Pili

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20
Q

Distinct bodies that may occupy a substantial prt of the cytoplasm

A

Inclusion bodies

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21
Q

Purpose of polybetahydroxybutyric acid bodies

A

Reserve carbon and energy source

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22
Q

Purpose of magnetosomes

A

Orienting and migrating along geomagnetic field lines

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23
Q

Site of CO2 fixation

A

Carboxysomes

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24
Q

Light harvesting pigments in Cyannobacteria and Green bacteria

A

Phycobilisomes (CB)
Chlorosomes (GB)

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25
Toughest of all specialized cells
Endospore
26
Parts of Endospore (Outer to Inner)
Exosporium Coat Cortex Core
27
Part of spore where loosely cross-linked peptidoglycan is found
Cortex
28
Forms complex SASP and high levels of calcium dipicolinic acid
Core
29
Purpose of small acid-soluble proteins
Binds to DNA and protects it from UV, desiccation, and dry heat Changes DNA from A form to compact B form Carbon and energy source for outgrowth of new vegetative cell during germination
30
Purpose of high levels of dipicolinic acid
Dehydrates the spore; intervalates the DNA, stabilizing DNA against heat and UV Dehydration confers resistance to chemicals and inactivates enzymes
31
Purpose of coat
Prevents entry of large degradative molecules, toxic small reactive molecules, and predation by other microbes Unfolded; Accommodate the increase in volume of that accompanies germination
32
Outermost layer of the spore; contiguous shell surrounding the coat, and separated from it by a gap
Exosporium
33
Candidates for vaccine and spore detection
Exosporium
34
Motility structure where swimming in aqueous environment; swarming on solid surface
Flagella
35
Motility structure for twitching motility
Type IV Pili (T4P)
36
Motility structure where Swimming without flagella
Cytoskeleton
37
Motility structure for buoyancy
Gas vesicle
38
Have a single flagellum at each pole
Amphtitrichous
39
Have a cluster of flagella at one or both ends
Lophotrichous “Lopho”= crest
40
Flagella are distributed over the entire cell surface
Peritrichous
41
A hollow rigid cylinder constructed of a single protein called flagellin
Flagellar Filament
42
Connects filament to cells; Made of different protein, FlgE
Flagellar Hook
43
Motor at the base of the flagellum
Flagellar basal body
44
Non-rotating basal body consists of
MotAB proteins- conduct protons across the membrane; required for motor switching or flagellar assembly
45
Rotating basal body consists of
C ring Switching proteins: FliG, FliM, FliN
46
Motility mode where CCW rotation exerts pushing motion on cell; propel the cell forward
Swimming
47
Flagellar filaments fly apart, partly pulling, partly pushing in random motion; CW rotation of flagellum
Tumbling
48
Motile bacteria move in response to different environmental stimuli
Taxis
49
What do you call the taxis for Temperature Light Salinity Oxygen Metabolites
Temperature: Thermotaxis Light: Phototaxis Salinity: Osmotaxis Oxygen: Aerotaxis Metabolites: Chemotaxis
50
Flagellum of Archaea; does it have a hollow interior?
Archaella; No hollow interior
51
Proteins found in Archaella
FlaB1 FlaB2 FlaB3
52
Responsible for twitching motility in P aeruginosa and social gliding motility in Myxococcus xanthus
Type IV Pili
53
Method of surface translocation, chaeacterized by short, intermittent jerks, which requires a minimum number of cells to be present; 0.05-1 um per sec
Twitching motility
54
Purpose of these proteins: PilT PilB PilA
PilT: Pilus retraction PilB: Pilus extension PilA: Pilin protein
55
Cytoskeleton protein for C. crescentus
Crescentin
56
Cytoskeleton protein for rod shaped bacteria
FtsZ and MreB
57
Repeated kinks result in fluid being pushed from the front to back that propels the cell forward
Contractile cytoskeleton
58
In gliding motility of Flavobacterium, which protein is a redundant component of the motility machinery
SprB
59
Two forms of gliding motility in Myxococcus xanthus
T4P-mediated motility (S-motility, twitchint motility Pilus-independent motility (A-motility)
60
Rotation motility in spirochetes
Axial filaments; endoflagella

Mi!cro physio (5 decks)

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