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BIOSTATS LEC > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

_
* The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data
* Derived from the latin word , meaning “” or “_”


A

STATISTICS
* The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data
* Derived from the latin word STATUS, meaning “MANNER OF STANDING” or “POSITION”

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2
Q
  • Is the branch of applied statistics that applies statistical methods to medical and biological problems

A

BIOSTATISTICS

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3
Q
  • It refers to the measurement of biological data used for identification purposes

A

BIOMETRICS

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4
Q

_
* Study of diseases in population including their causes, spread, and control
* Based on the Greek word “” () and “” ()


A

EPIDEMIOLOGY
* Study of diseases in population including their causes, spread, and control
* Based on the Greek word “upon” (epi) and “people” (demos)

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5
Q

branches of biostatistics


A

Descriptive
Inferential

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6
Q

_
* Involves organizing, summarizing, and presentation of data
* Computation of _ and _
* _ and _ presentation


A

DESCRIPTIVE
* Involves organizing, summarizing, and presentation of data
* Computation of MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCIES and VARIABILITY
* TABULATION and GRAPHICAL presentation

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7
Q

_
* Involves using sample data to draw a conclusion about a population
* Methods of arriving at _ and _ about a _ _ based on _ from a sample
* Estimation of _ and _ _


A

INFERENTIAL
* Involves using sample data to draw a conclusion about a population
* Methods of arriving at CONCLUSIONS and GENERALIZATIONS about a TARGET POPULATION based on INFORMATION from a sample
* Estimation of parameters and hypotheses testing

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8
Q

in inferential, what are the 2 types of estimation? define each


A

Point estimate – exact
Interval estimate – range

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9
Q

what are the 2 types of descriptive statistics


A

Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Dispersion

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10
Q

what are the 2 types of inferential statistics


A

Hypothesis Testing
Regression Analysis

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11
Q

under descriptive statistics, what are the 3 types of measures of central tendency?


A

Mean
Median
Mode

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12
Q

under descriptive statistics, what are the 4 types of measures of dispersion?


A

Range
Standard Deviation
Variance
Absolute Deviation

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13
Q

the average or sum of all values divided by the number of values


A

Mean

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14
Q

the data is arranged in numbers


A

Median

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15
Q

the number that appears more often


A

Mode

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16
Q

the difference between the highest and lowest value


A

Range

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17
Q

tells how spread-out the numbers are from the average


A

Standard Deviation

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18
Q

measures how far each value is from the mean


A

Variance

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19
Q

measures how far each data point is from the central value; usually mean or median


A

Absolute Deviation

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20
Q

It involves using statistical method that summarize data & use statistical procedure to reach certain conclusion


A

statistics

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21
Q

uses of biostatistics in:
epidemiology


A

distribution and determinants of health

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22
Q

uses of biostatistics in:
demography


A

size
structure
composition
distribution of human population

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23
Q

uses of biostatistics in:
genetics and genomic 


A

GENETICS
- heredity
GENOMIC
- genes and its function

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24
Q

uses of biostatistics in:
health economics


A

to know whether HCS (healthcare system) is function well

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25
type of hypothesis testing that compares means of a samples in a population or two large samples

Z TEST
26
type of hypothesis testing that compares means of two groups when sample size is small

T TEST
27
type of hypothesis testing that compares variance of two or more groups

F TEST
28
a statistical method used to study the relationship between 2 variables

LINEAR REGRESSION
29
the target group or all members of the specified group

POPULATION
30
subset of population

SAMPLE
31
measurement of characteristic of the population

PARAMETER
32
value of characteristics that remain the same from person to person, time to time, or place to place

CONSTANT
33
characteristics that takes on different values and usually collected in research 

VARIABLE
34
_ and _ are the major activities included in the science of biostatistics

DATA COLLECTION; PROCESSING
35
enumerate the types of data

according to source according to functional relationship"
36
enumerate the types of data according to source

primary data secondary data
37
enumerate the types of data according to functional relationship

dependent independent
38
a type of data that is obtained by the firsthand investigator

primary data
39
type of data that are already existing and obtained by other people

Secondary Data
40
type of data that depends on several factors

Dependent
41
type of data that can stand alone

Independent
42
enumerate the scales/levels of measurement

Nominal Ordinal Interval Data Ratio
43
scales/levels of measurements that simply used as names or identifiers of a category

Nominal
44
scales/levels of measurements that represents an ordered series of relationships and can be qualitative/quantitative

Ordinal
45
Does not have a true-zero value starting pointand always quantitative

INTERVAL DATA
46
* Fixed zero point * Zero as a starting point

ratio
47
* __ classifies variables into categories which have a __ or _

* Ordinal data classifies variables into categories which have a natural order or rank
48
__ is measured along a numerical scale that has equal intervals between adjacent values

Interval data is measured along a numerical scale that has equal intervals between adjacent values
49
__ is measured along a numerical scale that has equal distances between adjacent values

Ratio data is measured along a numerical scale that has equal distances between adjacent values
50
* Systematic procedure to ensure that the information/data gathered are complete, consistent, and suitable for analysis

DATA PROCESSING
51
sequence of Data Processing Flowchart

Data collection → Data processing (coding, encoding, editing) → analysis
52
* Conversion of verbal/written information into numbers which can be more easily encoded, counted, and tabulated

DATA CODING
53
enumerate the types of coding

Field code Bracket code Factual code
54
type of coding that indicates the actual value or information given by the respondent

Field code
55
type of coding that is recorded as range of values rather than actual values

Bracket code
56
type of coding that codes are assigned to a list of categories of a given variable

Factual code
57
MS Access, MS Excel, and SPSS (IBM) is under what process

DATA ENCODING
58
enumerate the types of data editing

Field Editing Central Editing
59
_ _ the accomplished data collection forms _ of abbreviations or special symbols Making callbacks/messages for verification/clarification of incomplete answers Done during __

FIELD EDITING * Reviewing the accomplished data collection forms * Decoding of abbreviations or special symbols * Making callbacks/messages for verification/clarification of incomplete answers * Done during data collection
60
_ * Checking of _ and __ after receiving the questionnaire from the field * Checking of _ data * Done during _ and _ of the data * Double-checked by the __

CENTRAL EDITING * Checking of inconsistencies and incorrect entries after receiving the questionnaire from the field * Checking of encoded data * Done during encoding and checking of the data * Double-checked by the data manager

BIOSTATS LEC (2 decks)

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