lesson 1 Flashcards
medical imaging and techology (19 cards)
what is a X-ray and what is it used for
High energy radiation which can pass through all of the matter in a body, except the
densest materials (like bones,
teeth or even metal).
● X-Rays are good for checking for
structural damage, cancer, heart
or lung damage.
● A down side though, is that the
radiation can damage cells and
DNA.
What is Fluoroscopy and what is it used for
Using X-rays combined with special liquids called contrast agents( that are put into the body to help see areas that are normally hard to see, like soft tissues.)
● It can be used to look at organs or to watch how blood moves through veins and arteries.
● Same risk as x-rays
What is Ultrasound and what is it used for
-Uses sound waves to create pictures of the inside of your body.
● Most commonly used to observe heart
function and imaging a developing fetus
during pregnancy.
● You can actually watch live function and
movement with an ultrasound (other
technologies give pictures only)
● There are limitations though that it only
works in certain locations, and not
everywhere.
What is CT Scan and its function
-Uses long exposure X-Rays to create
higher detailed images, which can
include softer tissues.
- Normally take many different images
that can be combined by a computer
to create a more complete image.
- Often used to check for cancer,
skeletal damage, brain damage and
damaged blood vessels.
MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
-A test doctors use to take detailed pictures of the inside of your body, like your brain, muscles, or organs.
-It uses strong magnets and radio waves (not X-rays) to make the images.
-It’s helpful for spotting things like: Brain injuries, Torn muscles or ligaments, umors or problems with organs
-It’s safe and painless, but the machine can be loud, and you have to stay really still. Some people find the small space a bit uncomfortable, but it doesn’t hurt.
Positron Emission Tomography
-Test doctors use to see how the inside of your body is working
-PET scans are often used to: Find cancer or see if it’s spreading, Check how well the heart or brain is working, Look for damage after a heart attack or changes in the brain from things like Alzheimer’s
Metablosim
-The set of chemical reactions that occur in living
organisms that are necessary to maintain life
-Two general types of reactions involved: -Catabolism: chemical and physical breakdown of
materials – breaking down
– Anabolism: building large, complex molecules
from smaller, simpler molecules – building up
What are macromolecules
-Large molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen
-Include: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
-Help with energy, building body parts, and carrying genetic info
What are nutrients
-Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
-Needed for growth, repair, and energy
-Found in food
Carbohydrates
-Main energy source
-Found in: grains, fruits, vegetables
-1g = 4 Calories
-Solubility: Small ones dissolve easily; big ones take longer to digest
Lipids
-Used to store energy, insulate, and protect organs
-Found in: butter, oils, nuts, animal fat, fish
-1g = 9 Calories
-Insoluble in water
-Made of:Fatty acids + glycerol = Triglyceride
Proteins
-Used for building body parts, enzymes, antibodies, and transport
-Found in: meat, eggs, nuts, dairy, legumes
-1g = 4 Calories
-Made of: Amino acids (20 types total)
Nucleic acid
-Not a nutrient
-Function: Store and decode genetic information
-DNA and RNA = polymers
-Nucleotides = monomers (A, T, C, G, U)
Mirconutrients
-Water – needed for almost everything (2L/day)
-Vitamins – help cells grow and function
-Water-soluble: Must be replaced daily
-Fat-soluble: Stored, but can be toxic if too much
-Minerals – help with bones, blood, and nerves
-Examples: calcium, iron, sodium, phosphorus
Breaking down macronutrients
-Happens through digestion
-Helps the body absorb nutrients and use energy
