Lesson 1 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Development
The progress of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of technology, and human welfare. There are different types of development, including economic, social, cultural, and environmental developments
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per capita
The total value of goods and services produced by a country each year
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per capita strengths
-Most widely used indicator
-Easily measured
-Effectively highlights the increasing development gap
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per capita limitations
-Doesn’t account for the cost of living
-Only an average. Doesn’t account for inequality in the country
-No guarantee that the money will be spent on development
GNI (Gross National Income)
Equals the GDP pls wages, salaries, and property income of the country’s residents earned abroad and at home
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) vs.
GNI (Gross National Income)
GDP= commonly used when comparing countries
GNI= more comprehensive
HDI (Human Development Index)
Development is about a person’s ability to make choices
HDI (Human Development Index) 3 indicators
- GNI per
2.Life expectancy - Education
HDI (Human Development Index) Strengths
-Allows abnormalities to be spotted
-Brings human welfare back to the centre
-Distinguish between good and bad growth
-Most effective when ranking
-LIC’s development recognised
HDI (Human Development Index) limitations
-Only an average
-Human right snot included
-Some say it doesn’t show anything different from GDP
PQLI (Physical Quality of Life Index)
Created in 1970 to measure quality of life, or wellbeing
PQLI (Physical Quality of Life Index) 3 indicators
- Literacy rate
- Infant mortality
- Life expectancy
PQLI (Physical Quality of Life Index) Strength
Recognises the importance of social development rather than economic
PQLI (Physical Quality of Life Index) Limitations
-Overlap between infant mortality and life expectancy
-Doesn’t recognise the role of income
-Usually overshadowed by HDI
GDI (Gender-related Development Index)
“Gender-sensitive” extension of HDI
GDI (Gender-related Development Index) strengths
-Acknowledges inequality
-compare a country’s HDI and GDI
-gives importance to gender in development
GDI (Gender-related Development Index) Limitations
-Can’t be used independently from HDI
-Data isn’t always readily available
-Problematic assumptions on life expectancy
-only looks and gender inequality
Happy planet index
Focuses on the human wellbeing and environmental impact
Happy planet index 3 indicators
- Life expectancy
- Experienced wellbeing
- Ecological footprint
Happy planet index strengths
- offers a different perspective from mainstream measures of development
- easy to understand
- considers people’s opinions
-includes environmental aspects
-Ecological footprint is widely used
Happy planet index limitations
-Some organisations don’t take it seriously
- ignores issues such as political freedoms and human rights
-doesn’t cover all nations and only done every 5 years
- subjective
-widely criticised
- who answers the survey?
Gross National Income (GNI)
-Total value of all the goods and services produced by its population
-The income earned by investments that its people and businesses have made overseas
- This is divided by the population of the country to produce per capita
High income country (HIC)
A country that has a GNI per capita of US$12,746 or above according to the world bank. These are richer countries that have lots of industry and service jobs such as the UK and Japan
Newly Emerging Countries (NEE)
Countries that have begun to experience higher rates of economic development, usually with rapid industrialisation. They differ from LIC in that they have no longer a rely on primarily agriculture, have made gains in infrastructure and industrial growth, and are experiencing increasing incomes and high levels of investment eg. Brazil, Russia, China, and South Africa
