Lesson 1-2 Flashcards
1
Q
Is defined as a means for testing objective theories by examining the relationship among variables (Creswell, 2009)
A
Quantitative Research
2
Q
It is conducted to see if there is any relation or association between variables
A
Correlational research
3
Q
A statistical measure of association between two variables
A
Correlation
4
Q
The claim that a change in one variable influences another variable
A
Causation
5
Q
Focuses on cause and effects
A
Causal research
6
Q
Three factors of correlational research
A
Association, Magnitude, Direction(of the association)
7
Q
Factor of correlational research: relationship between variables
A
Association
8
Q
Factor of correlational research: To what extent does the relationship exist
A
Magnitude
9
Q
Factor of correlational research: To which direction are the variables moving
A
Direction of the association
10
Q
What is the correlation type of: 1
A
Perfect correlation
11
Q
What is the correlation type of: 0.81-0.99
A
Strong correlation
12
Q
What is the correlation type of: 0.71-0.80
A
Good correlation
13
Q
What is the correlation type of: 0.51-0.70
A
Weak correlation
14
Q
What is the correlation type of: 0.01-0.50
A
Poor correlation
15
Q
What is the correlation type of: 0
A
No correlation
16
Q
Value coefficient of Perfect correlation
A
1
17
Q
Value coefficient of Strong correlation
A
0.81-0.99
18
Q
Value of coefficient of Good correlation
A
0.71-0.80
19
Q
Value of coefficient of Weak correlation
A
0.51-0.70
20
Q
Value coefficient of Poor correlation
A
0.01-0.50
21
Q
Value of no correlation
A
0
22
Q
Deals with numerical values and how they can describe a phenomenon.
A
Quantitative Research
23
Q
_______ is The go-to approach for scientific inquiry because it has the ability to test ___________
A
Quantitative research, Hypothesis
24
Q
The basis of formulating and testing hypotheses are
A
Variables
25
The ones that are usually identified, examined, described, or correlated to answer a scientific inquiry
Variables
26
Is manipulated especially in experiments
Independent variable
27
Depends on the independent variable.
Dependent variable
28
Should be an environment where all variables are identified and can be controlled.
Controllability
29
From larger sample sizes that the results are based on as a representative of the population.
Generalizability
30
Results of data are observable and measurable using structured instruments.
Objectivity
31
Study should be replicable by other teams of researchers that will eventually come up with similar outcomes.
Replicability
32
Three Weaknesses of Quantitative Research
1. Large samples require a lot of time and effort.
2. Statistical analysis of data requires an expert to be able to perform.
3. Quantifying and reducing observations to numerical values makes it too simplistic.
33
Three Strengths of Quantitative Research
1. Analysis of data is assisted with statistical methods.
2. Large-scale research can be undertaken.
3. Data can be presented in graphical or tabular form.
34
The experimental and nonexperimental types of quantitative research depend on the _______________ and the __________ of the problem being investigated.
Topic, Nature
35
To identify a cause-effect relationship between the variables where the samples are randomized.
True Experimental research
36
A nonexperimental research design focuses on the description of factors, variables, or phenomena that occurs in nature
Descriptive Research
37
To compare two variables in order to identify whether there exists a causative relationship between them. It involves two or more groups and one independent variable.
Comparative Research (Causal-Comparative Research)
38
Compares two variables then identifies the relationship between them.
Correlational Research
39
Mirrors experimental research but it is not true experimental research where a casual relationship can be determined with the use of dependent and independent variables. It use assigned samples.
Quasi-experimental Research
40
Quantitative Research may either be __________ or ___________
Correlational, Causal
41
Quantitative Research focuses on the three following:
1. Collection of observable and measurable data.
2. Standardized data collection instruments.
3. Statistical techniques in data analysis.
42
Involves identifying relationships between two variables
Correlational Research
43
As stated by Vanderstoep and Johnston (2009), A ___________ is a “statistical measure of association between two variables”.
Correlation
44
Who stated a ____________ is a “statistical measure of association between two variables”.
Vanderstoep and Johnston (2009)
45
It is often used in quantitative research in the Social Sciences, Psychology, Economics, Political Science.
Correlational Research
46
Correlational Research looks at the following
1. Whether an association exists between variables.
2. Magnitude of the existing association between two variables.
3. Direction of the association between two variables.
47
looks at causes and effects.
Causal research
48
As stated by Vanderstoep and Johnston (2009), A ____________ refers to the “claim that a change in one variable creates a change in another variable”.
Causation
49
Who stated that _________ refers to the "claim that a change in one variable creates a change in another variable".
Vanderstoep and Johnston (2009)
50
Causal research follows the three foloowing:
1. Causal research deals with cause and effect.
3. It is often used in studying the natural sciences.
2. In chemistry, it is applied in the conduct of chemical experiments to see whether a change in the quantity of one substance affects the characteristics of another substance.
51
Survey research is a ______________ type of quantitative research. This design makes use of a questionnaire as its main data collection tool.
Correlational
52
(Acquires information one point in time)
Cross-sectional
53
(Acquires information at multiple points in time to compare, contrast, and etc.)
Longitudinal
54
Types of survey designs
Cross-sectional, Longitudinal
55
A __________________ is a general group of people with similar characteristics.
Population
56
A _____________________ is a subgroup of the population that is chosen, either randomly or purposefully.
Sample
57
Also called the “questionnaire”. Contains close-ended questions with fixed answers.
Survey Instrument
58
(Makes comparisons among the survey results to establish and explain relationships)
Inferential analysis
59
(Provides a general report of the results of the survey which may include frequencies or average scores)
Descriptive Analysis
60
The Data analysis and interpretation
Descriptive Analysis and Inferential Analaysis
61
A type of quantitative research aimed at causation.
Experimental Research
62
Respondents - The ___________________ group receives the experimental treatment
Experimental
63
Respondents - The _____________ group does not receive an intervention.
Control
64
(causes and explains the effect)
Independent Variable
65
(the response to the application of or changes in the dependent variable).
Dependent Variable
66
Two types of Variables
Dependent and Independent Variables
67
Stages of the Experimental Procedure
Pretest, Actual intervention, Post test
68
Used to record the observations at any stage of the experiment.
Instrumentation and Materials
69
4 Experimental Procedures
Pre-Experimental, True Experiment, Quasi Experiment, Single-Subject design
70
It is similar to the survey research because results in experimental research are analyzed in both descriptive and an inferential manner. The difference between the two is the overall goal of causation and not correlation.
Data analysis and interpretation
71
Both variables are moving in the same direction.
Positive Correlation
72
Variables move in a not same direction
Negative Correlation
73
When x moves but y does not. No relationship
Zero Correlation/No Correlation
74
Studies and provides an experimental intervention to a single experimental group. It does not make use of a control group.
Pre experimental research
75
Uses both experimental and control groups but the respondents are not randomly assigned into groups.
Quasi experimental
76
Makes use of both experimental and control groups whose respondents are randomly assigned.
True experiment
77
Only has a single subject individual as the lone participant of the experiment.
Single subject experiment
78
It is similar to the survey research because results in experimental research are analyzed in both descriptive and an inferential manner. The difference between the two is the overall goal of causation and not correlation.
Data analysis and interpretation
