Lesson 1

Question 1

3 Origins of life

Answer 1

Supernatural, extraterrestrial, spontaneous

Question 2

Living organisms are made up of-

Answer 2

Non-living elements

Question 3

Living organism have about ___ elements

Answer 3

20 (94 occurring naturally)

Question 4

97% of most organism

Answer 4

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur (CHONPS)

Question 5

Major component of an organism

Answer 5

Water

Question 6

Most abundant element

Answer 6

Carbon

Question 7

Greatest question in science

Answer 7

Where is the origin of life?

Question 8

Life came from bacteria

Answer 8

Spontaneous

Question 9

Underwater volcanoes is the source of life

Answer 9

Bubble hypothesis

Question 10

Same DNA with all organism and all organism came from a common ancestor

Answer 10

Remarkable chemical unity under biological diversity

Question 11

3 Principle areas of biochemistry

Answer 11

1. Structural chemistry
2. Metabolism
3. The chemistry of processes and substances that store and transmit biological information (molecular biology/genetics)

Question 12

Study of molecular mechanism by w/c genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in processes of life

Answer 12

Molecular Biology

Question 13

Coined the word biochemistry

Answer 13

1890s Ernst Hoppe-Seyler

Question 14

2 Major breakthroughs in biochemistry

Answer 14

1. Discovery of roles of enzymes as catalyst

2. Roles of nucleic acids as information carrying molecules

Question 15

Includes bacteria and lack of nucleus. Single

Answer 15

Prokaryotes

Question 16

True nucleus. Group. Includes fungi.

Answer 16

Eukaryotes

Question 17

Cells are composed of (7)

Answer 17

70% water
15% proteins
7% nucleic acid
3% sugars
2% lipids
2% intermediates
1% inorganic ions

Question 18

Primary hydrocarbon structures.

2nd energy source

Answer 18

Lipids

Question 19

Central building blocks of lipids

Answer 19

Acetyl COA

Question 20

Contain carbon , oxygen, hydrogen with a ratio of hydrogen to oxygen of about 2:1.
Primary source of energy
Contain carbon backbone and hydroxyl groups therefore they are very soluble in water

Answer 20

Carbohydrates

Question 21

Greek word for saccharide and meaning

Answer 21

Sakchar meaning sugar or sweetness

Question 22

Polymers of amino acid
Contain elements of CHONS
Serve as the defence system as WBC and immunoglobins

Answer 22

Proteins

Question 23

What functional groups do proteins contain? (4)

Answer 23

Carbonyl group
Amino group
Hydrogen group
An R group

Question 24

Long polymer composed of nucleotides

Answer 24

Polynucleotides

Question 25

Contains mainly 5 different nucleotide bases which serves as their building blocks for biosynthesis

Answer 25

Nucleic Acids

Question 26

Most important chemical form of energy in most cell

Answer 26

Biochemical energy

Question 27

Water percentage for organism

Answer 27

Cell: 70% Human: 60% (40% intracellular and 20% extracellular)

Question 28

Branches of Biochemistry (13)

Answer 28

``` Biological Biochemistry or Chemical Biology Structural or descriptive biochemistry Enzymology Bioenergetics Metabolism Clinical Biochemistry Molecular Biochemistry Endocrinology Medicinal Biochemistry Agricultural Biochemistry Pharmacological Biochemistry Analytic Biochemistry Comparative Biochemistry ```

Question 29

Building blocks of carbohydrates

Answer 29

Monosaccharides