Lesson 1: Basic Vocabulary Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
Abrogate
A
To abolish or cancel.
2
Q
Acumen
A
Sharpness of mind or intellect.
3
Q
Affable
A
Friendly, good-natured, easy to talk to.
4
Q
Ambivalent
A
Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone.
5
Q
To waste time or move slowly
A
Dawdle
6
Q
To overwhelm or flood with an abundance of something
A
Inundate
7
Q
To eliminate or destroy completely
A
Eradicate
8
Q
To remain in a place longer than necessary
A
Linger
9
Q
To gather or assemble
A
Muster
10
Q
To care for and encourage growth
A
Nurture
11
Q
To take a part of disassemble
A
Dismantle
12
Q
To flow or spread out from a source
A
Emanate
13
Q
To abandon or renounce
A
Forsake
14
Q
To rinse one’s mouth and throat with a liquid
A
Gargle
15
Q
To have a strong desire or longing
A
Yearn
16
Q
To make larger or more intense
A
Amplify
17
Q
To grow or develop rapidly
A
Burgeon
18
Q
To persuade through flattery or gentle urging
A
Cajole
19
Q
To release or set free
A
Unleash
20
Q
To push or prod (poke) gently
A
Nudge
21
Q
means to make something last longer or extend the time of something.
A
Prolong
Prolong = Pahabain or Palawigin
Ex: They tried to prolong the meeting to avoid going back to work.
→ (They made the meeting last longer.)
22
Q
means to tear or cut deeply, especially the skin or flesh. It usually refers to a painful injury.
A
LACERATE
Lacerate = Laslasin, Punitin, o Sugatan ng malalim
Ex: He lacerated his hand on a piece of broken glass.
→ (His hand was deeply cut by glass.)
23
Q
Means to fix or repair something that is broken, damaged, or hurt.
It can be used for things (like clothes or objects) or feelings/relationships.
A
Mend
Mend = Ayusin, Tapusin ang sira, o Pagalingin
Ex: She mended her torn dress.
→ (She fixed the hole in her dress.)
24
Q
Means to surrender or give in, especially after resisting for a while.
It often means you stop fighting, arguing, or resisting—you finally give up.
A
CAPITULATE
Capitulate = Sumuko, Umatras, o Tumigil sa paglaban
Ex: After hours of arguing, she finally capitulated.
→ (She gave in or stopped arguing.)
25
To impress deeply or astonish
DAZZLE
Pumukaw ng mata (dahil sa liwanag), or Manghang-mangha (dahil sa galing o kagandahan)
Ex: She dazzled the audience with her voice.
→ (Everyone was amazed by her singing.)
26
means to hope strongly or dream of achieving something great, especially in the future.
It often refers to goals, ambitions, or dreams in life.
ASPIRE
Aspire = Mangarap, Maghangad, o Nais marating
Ex: She aspires to become a lawyer someday.
→ (She dreams of being a lawyer.)
27
Still water
Regular water
28
Sparkling water
Water with little bubbles
29
Intertwine
Means to twist or link two or more things together closely — either literally (like threads or hands) or figuratively (like ideas or lives).
Example: Their fingers intertwined as they walked hand in hand.
Intertwine = Magkabuhol, Magkakabit, o Magkaugnay
30
Enriched
Means made better, stronger, or more meaningful by adding something valuable.
It can refer to food, experiences, learning, or life in general.
Example: Traveling has enriched my understanding of different cultures.
Enriched = Pinayaman, Pinahusay, o Pinalalim
31
Neatly
Means done in a clean, tidy, and organized way.
It shows carefulness, order, and sometimes style.
Example: He folded his clothes neatly and put them in the drawer.
Neatly = Maayos, Malinis, o Maingat ang pagkakagawa
32
Speculations
Guesses or thoughts about something that might happen.
Example: There were many speculations about why she quit her job.
33
Renowned
Famous and respected.
Example: He is a renowned scientist known all over the world.
34
Simplicity
The quality of being easy to understand or not complicated.
Example: I love the simplicity of this design—it's clean and clear.
35
Reptile brain
The oldest part of the brain, controlling basic instincts (like fear or survival).
Example: When I'm scared, my reptile brain tells me to run away.
36
Restraint
Means self-control or holding back from doing something, especially when you want to act but choose not to.
It can also mean physical control, like stopping movement.
Example: She showed great restraint by not yelling when she was angry.
37
Unfiltered
Means not cleaned, not changed, or not controlled.
It can be used literally (like dirty water or air) or figuratively (like speaking honestly or showing raw emotions).
Example: He gave an unfiltered opinion that shocked everyone.
38
Flawed
Having mistakes or imperfections.
Flawed = May depekto, may pagkakamali, o hindi perpekto
Example: The plan was flawed, so it didn’t work as expected.
He’s a good person, but like everyone, he’s flawed.
→ (He has imperfections, like all humans do.)
39
Grossed out
Disgusted or made to feel sick.
Grossed out = Nandidiri, nasusuka, o naiinis sa kadumihan
Example: I was grossed out by the smell of rotten food.
I was grossed out by the dirty bathroom.
→ (It made me feel really disgusted.)
40
Primal
Basic, natural, and strong (like instincts).
Example: Hunger is a primal feeling—we all experience it.
Primal Instinct
👉 The baby's cry is a primal instinct—it’s how babies survive.
(It means the baby cries naturally, without being taught.)
41
Apt
Suitable or likely.
Example:
That joke was apt for the situation—it made everyone laugh.
He’s an apt student—he learns quickly.
→ (Smart or quick to understand.)
Apt =
Malamang (likely)
Tama o angkop (appropriate)
Matalino o mabilis matuto (quick learner)
42
No matter what
In any situation; whatever happens.
"No matter what" means whatever happens, or even if it's hard or risky, you will still do something or something will still be true.
It shows determination, loyalty, or unconditional support.
Example: I will support you no matter what.
No matter what = Anuman ang mangyari or Kahit ano pa man
43
Conversely
In the opposite way.
Example: She loves spicy food. Conversely, her brother can't handle it at all.
Conversely = Sa kabilang banda o Sa kabaligtaran
44
Repellent
Something that keeps things away, or is very unpleasant.
(pang-alis o pantaboy) like insect repellent = pantaboy ng lamok
(nakakadiri o nakakawalang-gana) when describing a person or thing
Example: Mosquito repellent keeps bugs away.
Another: His rude attitude was repellent.
45
Insanity
Insanity means a state of being seriously mentally ill or acting in a very wild, unreasonable, or crazy way.
It can be used literally (mental illness) or figuratively (very foolish or wild behavior).
Example:
Jumping into a fire is pure insanity!
The man was declared not guilty because of insanity.
→ (He had a mental illness and wasn’t aware of his actions.)
Insanity = Kabaliwan or Sobrang kaululan
46
Mental instability
A state where someone’s mind is not healthy or balanced.
Example: The character in the movie showed signs of mental instability.
47
Convenient
Easy to use or helpful in a certain situation.
Example: Online shopping is very convenient when you're busy.
48
What does Outsmart mean?
using intelligence or cunning to gain an advantage over someone or something.
Outsmart = Lamang sa talino o Natalo sa katalinuhan.
Ex: She outsmarted her opponent in the debate.
→ (She won because she was more clever.)
49
Provoke
To intentionally anger, annoy, or incite them to react, often in a negative way.
Provoke = Udyok, Galitin, o Manggatong ng emosyon o aksyon
Ex: Don’t provoke him—he’s already angry.
→ (Don’t make him even more angry.)
50
Negligence
Is when someone doesn’t do what a responsible person would do, and because of that, someone or something gets hurt.
Negligence = Pagpapabaya o Kapabayaan
Ex: The fire was caused by the worker’s negligence.
→ (The worker was careless and didn’t follow safety rules.)
51
"Owe"
means that someone has the responsibility to give or pay something to someone else — usually money, but it can also be respect, thanks, or a favor.
52
Withdraw
means to take something back, remove it, or pull away
Including:
• take money out of a bank
• pull out or leave
• stop participating
• emotionally pull away
"After the argument, he started to withdraw from his friends."
53
Proceedings
> The steps or actions in a legal case or court.
The court proceedings will begin next week."
→ The legal process (like hearings, trials) starts next week.
> The events or discussions that happen during a formal gathering.
Example:
"The chairman opened the proceedings with a welcome speech."
→ The official start of the meeting.
> A written or published record of a conference or meeting.
Example:
"The research proceedings were published in a scientific journal."
54
Proceed
which means to move forward.
Ex: After the break, we will proceed with the lesson.
→ (We will continue the lesson.)
55
Vocabulary
n. a list or collection of words and expressions
56
Encounter
v. to deal with or experience something
Ex: I encountered a snake on the trail!
→ (I saw or came across a snake unexpectedly.)
57
Challenge
n. a difficult task or problem
Ex: Learning English is a challenge, but I’m doing my best.
58
Proficiency test
n. a test to see how well you can do something
59
Caveat
n. an explanation or warning that should be remembered when you are doing or thinking about something
60
Obvious
Means something is very clear, easy to see or understand, and not hidden.
Obvious = Halata, Kita agad, Malinaw
Ex: It’s obvious that she’s happy today.
→ (You can clearly see it in her smile or actions.)
61
Fascinating
Means something is very interesting, amazing, or captures your full attention.
Fascinating = Kahanga-hanga, Kapanapanabik, Kamangha-mangha
Ex: The story was so fascinating that I couldn’t stop reading.
→ (It was really interesting.)
62
Shy
Adj. feeling nervous and uncomfortable about meeting and talking to people
63
Intermediate
Means in the middle level — not beginner, but not expert yet.
It shows that someone or something is between basic and advanced.
Ex: She’s taking an intermediate English class.
→ (Not for beginners, but not advanced either.)
64
Controversial
Means something that causes strong disagreement or argument.
It often involves sensitive or divided opinions.
Controversial = Kontrobersyal, Mainit na pinagdedebatehan, Pinagtatalunan
Ex: The politician made a controversial statement during the debate.
→ (Many people disagreed or were upset.)
65
Idiom
n. an expression that cannot be understood from the meanings of its separate words but that has a separate meaning of its own
66
Context
Means the situation, background, or surrounding information that helps you understand the meaning of something — like a word, event, or action.
Context = Konteksto, Kalagayan, Pinanggalingang sitwasyon o impormasyon
Ex: You need to understand the context to get the joke.
→ (You have to know the situation to understand it.)
67
Inn
Is a small hotel or place to stay, usually found in the countryside or along the road. It often includes rooms for sleeping and sometimes food and drinks for travelers.
Ex: We stayed at a cozy inn near the mountains.
→ (A small place where we slept during our trip.)
68
Innovation
Means a new idea, method, or invention that improves something or solves a problem in a better way.
It’s about creativity and improvement — making something new or better.
Ex: The smartphone is an important innovation in technology.
→ (It’s a new invention that changed how we live.)
69
Some
Is a common word that means a small number or amount, but not all.
We use it when we don’t say the exact number or when part of something is being talked about.
Some = Ilan, Kaunti, Iba, Mayroon
Ex:
Can I have some water?
→ (I want a little water, not a full bottle.)
Some students didn’t do their homework.
→ (Not all, just a few.)
70
Somehow
Means in a way that is not clear or not exactly known.
It shows that something happened, even if you don’t know how it happened.
Ex: Somehow, he passed the exam without studying.
→ (No one knows exactly how, but he did.)
71
Few days
Means around 2 to 5 days, but not exactly.
Few days = Ilang araw
Example: I’ll visit you in a few days.
→ (Not today, but soon — maybe 3 or 4 days from now.)
Formal tone:
“In several days” = ilang araw mula ngayon
72
Few months
Means around 2 to 4 months, again not exactly.
Few months = Ilang buwan
Example: She’ll be back in a few months.
→ (Maybe 2 or 3 months later.)
Formal tone:
“Within a few months” = sa loob ng ilang buwan
73
Momentum
Means the strength or force that keeps something moving or growing.
It can be used in two ways:
1. In science – the force of a moving object.
2. In everyday life – the energy or progress that helps something keep going.
Ex:
1. (Science) The car gained momentum as it went downhill.
→ (It moved faster and stronger.)
2. (Everyday) The team lost momentum after their first goal.
→ (They slowed down or lost energy.)
74
Overwhelm
Means to strongly affect someone, usually in a way that feels too much to handle — emotionally, mentally, or physically.
It can also mean to overpower or defeat completely.
Ex:
I felt overwhelmed by all the schoolwork.
→ (There’s too much, and it’s hard to handle.)
75
Obstacle
Is something that gets in the way or makes it hard to reach a goal.
It can be a problem, difficulty, or physical barrier.
Obstacle = Balakid, Hadlang, Sagabal
Ex: Fear is often the biggest obstacle to success.
→ (Fear can stop you from achieving your goals.)
76
Obstacle
Is something that gets in the way or makes it hard to reach a goal.
It can be a problem, difficulty, or physical barrier.
Obstacle = Balakid, Hadlang, Sagabal
Ex: Fear is often the biggest obstacle to success.
→ (Fear can stop you from achieving your goals.)
77
Ridiculous
Means something is very silly, unreasonable, or hard to believe — often in a funny or foolish way.
Ex: That idea is ridiculous — it would never work!
→ (It doesn’t make sense at all.)
78
Friction
1. In Science:
Friction is the force that happens when two things rub against each other, which slows them down.
Ex: Friction makes it hard to slide on rough surfaces.
→ (It slows down movement.)
2. In Relationships or Groups:
Friction means disagreement or tension between people.
Ex: Good communication can reduce friction in a team.
→ (It can help avoid conflict.)
79
Barrier
Is something that blocks or stops movement, progress, or communication.
It can be physical (like a wall) or non-physical (like a language problem or fear).
Physical:
The fence acts as a barrier between the two houses.
Non - Physical:
Fear can be a barrier to success.
→ (Fear stops you from moving forward.)
80
Kicks in
Means something starts to work, take effect, or begin happening, especially after a short delay.
Ex: The medicine will kick in after 30 minutes.
→ (You’ll feel its effect after a while.)
81
Frustration
Is the feeling you get when something is difficult, not going your way, or your goal is blocked.
It’s a mix of disappointment, anger, and stress.
Ex: She felt frustration when her plans failed.
→ (She got upset because things didn’t work out.)
82
Bother
1. Disturb or annoy someone
Ex: Don’t bother me while I’m studying.
→ (Huwag mo akong istorbohin.)
2. Make the effort to do something
Ex: She didn’t even bother to say goodbye.
→ (Hindi man lang siya nag-abala.)
3. Feel worried or upset (emotionally)
Ex: Does it bother you that he’s late again?
→ (Nabahala ka ba?)
83
Overflows
Means that something is too full, so the extra part spills out or goes beyond the limit.
It can also mean having too much of something — like emotions or people.
Ex: The river overflows during heavy rain.
→ (Umaapaw ang ilog kapag malakas ang ulan.)
84
Treat
1. To behave toward someone in a certain way
– Pakitunguhan, Tratuin
• She treats everyone with respect.
→ (Magalang siyang makitungo sa lahat.)
2. To give someone something special (like food, gift, or surprise)
– Librehan, Bigyan ng espesyal na bagay
• I’ll treat you to ice cream.
→ (Ililibre kita ng sorbetes.)
3. To give medical care
– Gamutin, Tugunan ang karamdaman
Doctors treated his wounds.
→ (Ginamot ng mga doktor ang kanyang sugat.)
85
Doubt
Means to not fully believe something or feel unsure about it.
Ex: I doubt he will come on time.
→ (Parang hindi ako sigurado na darating siya nang maaga.)
86
Progress
Means moving forward, getting better, or making improvement in something.
Ex: She made a lot of progress in her studies.
→ (Malaki ang kanyang pag-unlad sa pag-aaral.)
87
Pointless
Means useless, having no purpose, or not worth doing because it leads to nothing important.
Ex: It’s pointless to argue with him — he never listens.
→ (Walang saysay makipagtalo sa kanya.)
88
Phased
Means something is done step by step or gradually over time, not all at once.
Ex: The new system will be phased in over six months.
→ (Unti-unting ipatutupad ang bagong sistema.)
89
Fazed
Means to be bothered, shaken, or upset by something.
If someone is not fazed, it means they stay calm or unbothered, even in a difficult or surprising situation.
90
Sloppier
Is the comparative form of "sloppy," which means messy, careless, or not neat.
So, "sloppier" means more messy or more careless than something or someone else.
Ex: His handwriting is sloppier than yours.
→ (Mas magulo ang sulat niya kaysa sa iyo.)
91
Overtime
"Overtime" has two main meanings:
1. Extra hours worked beyond the regular schedule.
• I had to work overtime last night.
→ (Nag-overtime ako kagabi.)
2. Extra time added in sports when the game is tied
• The basketball game went into overtime.
→ (Nagkaroon ng dagdag na oras ang laro.)
92
Track
1. To follow or monitor something.
• We use GPS to track our location.
2. As a noun (path or trail):
• The train runs on a long track.
3. As a noun (song or music):
• My favorite track is the third one.
93
94
Commitment
Means a promise, dedication, or strong decision to do something or support someone.
It shows how serious and loyal you are to a task, goal, or person.
Ex: Marriage is a big commitment.
→ (Ang kasal ay isang malaking paninindigan.)
95
Some days
Means on certain days but not always. It refers to things that happen occasionally or not every day.
Ex: Some days I feel tired for no reason.
→ (May ilang araw na pagod ako kahit walang dahilan.)
96
Return
Means to go back, give back, or come back to a place or situation.
• I will return home tomorrow.
→ (Babalik ako sa bahay bukas.)
97
Willing
Means you are ready, open, or happy to do something — not being forced.
It shows that you agree or volunteer to help or take action.
Ex: I’m willing to help you anytime.
→ (Handa akong tumulong sa'yo kahit kailan.)
98
Boredom
Is the feeling of being bored, tired, or uninterested because nothing fun or exciting is happening.
Ex: I felt deep boredom during the long lecture.
→ (Nakaramdam ako ng matinding pagkabagot sa mahabang lecture.)
99
Tolerance
Means the ability to accept or respect differences, endure pain or hardship, or stay calm even when something is difficult or annoying.
Ex: She has a high tolerance for pain.
→ (Mataas ang kanyang pagtitiis sa sakit.)
100
Than
It is used to compare two things.
It shows a difference between them — usually in size, amount, quality, or condition.
Ex: She is taller than me.
→ (Mas matangkad siya kaysa sa akin.)
101
Stream
1. A small, flowing body of water.
• We crossed a stream in the forest.
2. To play or watch videos/music online without downloading.
• I streamed a movie on Netflix.
3. A steady flow of something (like air, light, or people).
• A stream of light entered the room.
