Lesson 1: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

is the process by which cells obtain food molecules to support their other activities.

Answer 1

Nutrition

Question 2

is the process by which food particles are broken down into smaller soluble units suitable for cell use with the help of
enzymes.

Answer 2

Digestion

Question 3

is the process by which cells absorb water, minerals and other materials essential to life from their environment.

Answer 3

Absorption

Question 4

is the process by which all cells organize complex chemicals from simple building units or substances.

Answer 4

Biosynthesis

Question 5

is the process by which by-products of all cell activities which are not needed for further cell functioning are eliminated.

Answer 5

Excretion

Question 6

is the process by which insoluble, non-digested
particles are eliminated by the cell.

Answer 6

Egestion

Question 7

is the process by which substances that are synthesized by the cells are expelled from the membrane. This elimination process helps in the functioning of the body

Answer 7

Secretion

Question 8

is a process which includes the locomotion of cell by means of special structures like cilia or flagella.

Answer 8

Movement

Question 9

is the process by which cells respond or react to external factors or conditions around them. Cells can alter their functions in response to changes their environment.

Answer 9

Irritability

Question 10

is the process of breaking down food molecules into chemical energy needed by all cells in order to function.

Answer 10

Respiration

Question 11

is a process by which a cell copies or replicates its DNA and increases its number by cell division. It gives rise to new cells as a result, organisms grow.

Answer 11

Reproduction

Question 12

What are the three (3) principal parts of a cell?

Answer 12

1. Cell membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Nucleus

Question 13

is covered with a membrane that allows materials to pass in and out

Answer 13

nucleus

Question 14

it contains DNA

Answer 14

control center

Question 15

• is a semipermeable membrane that facilitate the movement of molecules inside and outside the plant or animal cell.
• is often pictured as fluid mosaic model.

Answer 15

cell membrane

Question 16

is a viscous fluid or jelly like material where organelles are embedded.

Answer 16

Cytoplasm

Question 17

• are called the “powerhouses” of cells.
• they produce much of the energy a plant or animal cell
  needs to carry out its functions
• converts energy

Answer 17

Mitochondria

Question 18

What does ATP mean?

Answer 18

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 19

What does ADP mean?

Answer 19

Adenosine Diphosphate

Question 20

is the storage area of the cell

Answer 20

Vacuole

Question 21

is a series of tunnels throughout the cytoplasm.

Answer 21

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 22

from one part of the cell to another that is why they are called as the transport center of the cell.

Answer 22

Transport Proteins

Question 23

ribosome free and functions in detoxification of lipids.

Answer 23

Smooth

Question 24

contains ribosomes and releases newly made protein from the cell.

Answer 24

Rough

Question 25

What are the two (2) types of Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 25

- Smooth - Rough

Question 26

are the **protein factories** of the cell.

Answer 26

Ribosomes

Question 27

**receive proteins and other compounds** from the ER.

Answer 27

Golgi bodies

Question 28

contain **hydrolytic enzymes** that can break things down.

Answer 28

Lysosomes

Question 29

- is a **series of fibers made from proteins.** It provides structure to the cell and gives it its shape. - it **provide pathways** for certain cellular molecules to move about just as tracks are provided for railroad cars or trains. - it is also **found in structures like the cilia and flagella** which both aid in movement.

Answer 29

Cytoskeleton

Question 30

is a **rigid organelle** composed of cellulose that gives plant cell its boxlike shape.

Answer 30

Cell wall

Question 31

are **double membrane bound** organelles found in plants.

Answer 31

Plastids

Question 32

which are **colorless organelles** that store starch

Answer 32

Leucoplasts

Question 33

which contain **colored pigments** like chloroplast.

Answer 33

Chromoplasts

Question 34

What are the two (2) Types of Plastids?

Answer 34

- Leucoplasts - Chromoplasts

Question 35

are **paired organelles found only in animal cell.** They are located together near the nucleus, at right angles to each other. They are essential in building cilia and flagella and also as spindle fiber during cell division.

Answer 35

Centrioles

Question 36

will help you break down food (digest fats)

Answer 36

Lipase

Question 37

will help break down food enzymes and water

Answer 37

Hydrolysis

Question 38

Meiosis is for?

Answer 38

Mother

Question 39

is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells

Answer 39

Mitosis

Question 40

cells cant live without?

Answer 40

Oxygen

Question 41

phosphate means?

Answer 41

Energy

Question 42

kidney filters out?

Answer 42

Toxins

Question 43

lipids are also called as?

Answer 43

Fats

Question 44

how is protein made?

Answer 44

Amino acids

Question 45

saccharide is another term for?

Answer 45

Sugar

Question 46

polysaccharide has a lot of?

Answer 46

Sugar/many sugar

Question 47

starch is another term for?

Answer 47

Carbohydrates

Question 48

What are the three (3) main types of carbohydrates?

Answer 48

* Sugar * Starch * Fiber

Question 49

What are the three (3) channels of protein?

Answer 49

* Channel Protein * Peripheral Protein * Integral Protein

Question 50

RBC, WBC, and Platelets are considered as?

Answer 50

Vessel

Question 51

Too much water can lead to?

Answer 51

Comatose

Question 52

Macro means?

Answer 52

bigger

Question 53

Micro means?

Answer 53

smaller

Question 54

a mixture of DNA

Answer 54

Chromatin

Question 55

carbohydrates converts?

Answer 55

energy

Question 56

Too much uric acid can trigger?

Answer 56

arthritis

Question 57

CHO consists of

Answer 57

carbohydrates and fats

Question 58

CHON consists of

Answer 58

protein