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Russia Unit 3 > Lesson 1-How effective do you think were the Soviet government in controlling mass media and propaganda? > Flashcards

Lesson 1-How effective do you think were the Soviet government in controlling mass media and propaganda? Flashcards

1
Q

Glavlit

A

Censorship office of the Soviet government

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2
Q

Pravda

A

‘Truth’
Newspaper of Communist party

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3
Q

Izvestiya

A

‘News’
Newspaper of the government

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4
Q

Partiinost

A

Party mindedness

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5
Q

Trud

A

‘Labour’
Newspaper of government-controlled trade union

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6
Q

When was the ban on all non-socialist newspapers?

A

Nov 1917

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7
Q

When was the development of the voice radio in the USSR?

A

1921

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8
Q

What decade did the cult of Stalin develop?

A

1930s

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9
Q

When did the mass production of televisions begin in the USSR?

A

1958

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10
Q

When were all non-Bolshevik newspapers banned?

A

1920

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11
Q

Through what ways was Soviet media controlled by the state?

A

Nationalisation
Restriction of information
Censorship

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12
Q

What did Lenin view newspapers as?

A

The mouthpiece of the bourgeoisie

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13
Q

In what ways did the Soviet government control newspapers?

A
  1. Journalists were employees of government, members of the Union of Soviet Journalists and Party members.
  2. Approval from Glavlit needed for every article written
  3. Party and government newspapers introduced
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14
Q

What were Pravda and Izvestiya used as?

A

A vehicle of propaganda used for highlighting the achievements of the government and Socialism.

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15
Q

Purpose of Pravda and Izvestiya.

A

To act as an instrument of propaganda, agitation and organisation.

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16
Q

What did the government do to ensure that their newspapers had high readership?

A

Made them cheap
Copies pasted on boards by pavement so people could read them for free

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17
Q

Pravda and Izvestiya were mass newspapers. How many copies of Pravda were in circulation in 1983?

A

10.7 million

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18
Q

How many copies of Trud were in circulation by 1983?

A

13.5 million

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19
Q

Give an example of the details of the achievements of Socialism that the newspapers include.

A

Production figures of the latest economic plan (usually telling people that the plans had been overfulfilled)

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20
Q

Give examples of prohibited topics from newspapers.

A

Plane crashes
Natural disasters

21
Q

Examples of prohibited titles being excluded from newspapers.

A

Nuclear waste explosion 1957 was never reported.
People only became suspicious when 30 small communities disappeared off maps.
Took gov 2 years to evacuate unsafe areas because the disaster was not acknowledged

22
Q

Examples of groups magazines and journals were aimed at.

A

Groups of workers e.g., farmers, soldiers or teachers

23
Q

Examples of areas banned in the magazines and journals

A

Religion and crime

24
Q

Why was it easier for the government to control radios in 1917?

A

Radios were a more recent development

25
Q

By what year were programmes being broadcast on the radio?

A

1921

26
Q

Give an example of a radio agency.

A

The Spoken Newspaper of the Russian Telegraph Agency

27
Q

What did The Spoken Newspaper of the Russian Telegraph Agency feature?

A

News and propaganda material

28
Q

What did The Spoken Newspaper of the Russian Telegraph Agency have little emphasis on?

A

Music

29
Q

Since radio receivers were expensive, what was done?

A

Loud speakers were installed in public areas

30
Q

What did group listening of radio ensure?

A

There was a collective response and that everyone got the intended message

31
Q

Through what was the control of radio centralised?

A

The Commissariat for Posts and Telegraph

32
Q

By what year did Moscow have a well-developed broadcasting station?

A

1922

33
Q

To what percentage of the illiterate population did radios enable the government to get their message across to?

A

65% of the population who were illiterate

34
Q

Who were radio stations controlled by?

A

The government

35
Q

When was the speed by which the government was able to convey its message through radio invaluable?

A

During the German invasion of 1941

36
Q

How did the government ensure radio access was restricted to government stations only?

A

Most new apartment blocks were wired for radio reception

37
Q

Until 1964, how many Soviet radio stations were there?

A

1

38
Q

Under Brezhnev how many Soviet radio stations where there?

A

3

39
Q

Give an example of what the Soviet radio stations included.

A

Radio Maiak (Lighthouse) which played some foreign music and was popular with Soviet youth

40
Q

How did the government try and restrict access to foreign stations?

A

Produced cheap radios with limited reception.
Jammed signals from stations such as BBC

41
Q

Why was limiting the amount of information the population received through the radio important?

A

Limited the level of debate

42
Q

Compare how many TVs there were in 1950 in comparison to 1958.

A

1950 = 10,000
1958 = 3 million

43
Q

How was the price of the TVs more within the reach of most of the population?

A

Became mass produced in the 1950s

44
Q

Give examples of government stations TVs included.

A

Mix of news
Documentaries
Achievements of socialism
Ballet
Classical arts
Feature films
Children’s programmes

45
Q

How was life under the SU presented in comparison to life under Capitalism?

A

Under SU presented as joyous compared to under Capitalism which was presented as rife with crime, homelessness and violence

46
Q

Why did the TVs fail to spark the enthusiasm of the people?

A

It was pretty uninspiring stuff

47
Q

By 1985, how many television channels were there and what did they have more emphasis on?

A

2
Light entertainment

48
Q

Problems that arose during the Soviet control on mass media and propaganda.

A
  1. Soviet public got used to reading between lines
  2. Rise of computers was a demanding challenge to a gov wishing to restrict its population’s access to information

Russia Unit 3 (2 decks)

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