Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Semester 2 Immunology > Lesson 1 Immuno > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Immuno Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the 3 R’s of immune system function?

A

Recognize: intruders (i.e. viruses, bacteria, parasites)
Respond: neutralize threat
Remember: quick response in future encounters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Foreign proteins that stimulate an immune response

A

Antigen (Ag)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Something that is very antigenic, causes a very robust response.

A

Immunogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Immuno-reactive protein made in response to exposure to foreign Ag. (magic bullets that locate and attach to target)

A

Antibody (Ab)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Disease causing microorganism.

A

Pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This type of Lymphocytes make antibodies specific to each Ag. Termed Ab-mediated immunity

A

B-lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lymphocytes are a type of _____ blood cell.

A

White

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

B-lymphocytes make _________ specific to each Ag.

A

antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

____________Cytotoxic lymphocytes, and helper cells attack infected/mutant/foreign cells (CD-8) and regulate immune response (CD-4)

A

T-lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the traffic cop? what does it do exactly?

A

T-helper Lymphocytes
regulate immune response (CD-4)
CD-4 counts used to regulate damage done by HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cells that kill and eat.

A

Phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cell that ingests pathogens and cellular debris and presents antigens to Th-cells. (They eat and activate the immune system)

A

Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

__________ ingests pathogens and cellular debris, but do not present antigens to Th-cells. (They eat and kill themselves)

A

Neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_________ activates specific immunity

A

Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tcells graduate from the _______.

A

Thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

B-cells graduate from the ____________.

A

Bone Marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

__________ are a battle ground of different immune cells. swell when you have an infection.

A

Lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 3 levels of defense?

A

1st line: non-specific- barriers (skin, mucus, HCl)
2nd line: non-specific- cellular (phagocytes, inflammation, complement, fever, innate immunity)
3rd line: specific- immunity (antibodies, B-cells, T-cells, phagocytosis, complement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

________ is non specific and is hot red swollen.

A

Inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

___________ punches holes in things it wants to kill. (big mac attack)

A

complement cascade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Is phagocytosis, and complement a part of innate immune system, acquired immunity or both?

A

both!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

__________ is something you are born with it, is in on position constantly, is NON-SPECIFIC. Acts early in immune response. No MEMORY produced.

A

Innate immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

______________ is very SPECIFIC, will remember organism, not always on (inducible), shows MEMORY. Self tolerance (recognizes and protects self).

A

Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

True/False: Neutrophils play both sides of the fence. Macrophages do not play both sides of the fence (fence being adaptive and innate immunity.)

A

False: Neutrophils are NON-SPECIFIC and DO NOT activate immune system
Macrophages DO activate immune system both sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the first-line of defense?
Barriers! Skin, mucous membranes, secretions of skin. Digestive Respiratory
26
True/False: Skin can be a physical and chemical barrier.
True!
27
Tears contain bacteriolytic agent called ________.
Lysozyme
28
Sweat contains bacteriocidal agent called
dermicidin
29
4 characteristics of adaptive immunity:
SPECIFIC INDUCIBLE MEMORY SELF-TOLERANCE
30
Walls fend off and White blood cells clean house.
Inflammation
31
Macrophages activate _________.
immunity
32
__________ coat invaders and attract phagocytes, plays specific (classical) and non-specific (non-specific).
Complement proteins
33
_________ can enhance complement
Antibodies
34
What are the 5 steps of inflammation?
Initial phagocytosis Capillaries dilate and become more permeable -histamines released from mast cells Foreign matter contained More leukocytes migrate to area Leukocytes clear infection
35
_________ makes cells get big and makes them leak, comes from mast cells and basophils.
Histamine
36
True/False: Leukocytes are macrophages and neutrophils.
True
37
What are the 4 hallmarks of inflammation?
``` Histamine causes vasodilation and capillary leakage. Redness (Rubor) Heat (calor) Swelling (tumor) Pain (dolor) ```
38
Cytokines cause cells to migrate from blood to tissues.
Chemotaxis
39
Rapid response cells (arrive within 1 hr), also called segs.
Neutrophils
40
Cells that arrive within 10 hrs and migrate to tissues.
Macrophages
41
_________ travel to bone marrow, and stimulate production of leukocytes 4-5 times when there is trauma or infection.
Cytokines
42
Where are WBC's stored?
stuck to vessel walls and in the spleen
43
Hypothalamus- fever are mediated through what? | Pge is what?
prostaglandins | Fever
44
What is used to track inflammation?
CRP (C reactive protein, binds to bacteria and increases ingestion)
45
This causes fever and mobilization of the metabolites of shock.
TNF-alpha
46
What causes fever and acute phased proteins to release from the liver?
IL-6
47
This is part of the clotting cascade, forms networks to capture things. ESR (Erythrocyte sediment rate)
Fibrinogen
48
What are the 2 things that can track amounts of inflammation?
CRP and ESR
49
Complement pokes holes in bacteria via membrane attack complex called _________.
MAC attack
50
_________ tells white blood cells where to go. (scent trail for phagocytes)
chemotaxis
51
_______ coats pathogen to enhance phagocytosis. INcrease eating
Opsinization
52
Immune system is characterized by what 4 things? | What are the key players?
``` SPECIFIC (lock and key) INDUCIBLE and DIVERSITY MEMORY SELF TOLERANT players: macrophages, and Lymphocytes (T-cells B-cells) ```
53
What is the traffic cop?
T-cells
54
What are the helper cells? They activate B-cells, T-cells, and macrophages
CD4
55
Professional antigen-presenting cells. They engulf and digest bacteria. EAT NON SPECIFIC
Macrophages
56
Macrophages also trigger _________ response.
Immune
57
What are some examples of immunologically protected sites?
Eyes, brain
58
Every blood cell is formed where? (Important)
Bone marrow
59
What cells kill cells that look different?
CD8
60
Name something in each class of... just required immunity? Both required and innate? and just innate?
``` Lymphocyte= required immunity Macrophage= both Neutrophil= innate ```
61
What is the function of antibodies?
Neutralize and agglutinate antigens ID specific invaders for phagocytosis Activates complement
62
Part of early immune response, but it cannot cross the placenta.
IgM, (massive M, snowflake)
63
____ and ____ activate complement.
IgG and IgM
64
If antibodies are about becoming more and more specific, which antibody is least specific?
IgM
65
Which antibody is very specific and is secondary immune response? Crosses the placenta to protect the baby?
IgG
66
Placenta has an antibody receptor on it, what antibody is that receptor specific to? (Important)
IgG | FcGamma
67
I think you may have been infected with hepatitis A, I want to know if it was recent or a long time ago, which antibody would we use?
IgM, acute infection if it is recent
68
This antibody is an anti-parasitic and is associated with allergies. Allergy or infected with worms.
IgE
69
What antibody crosses surfaces and is mucosal?
IgA

Semester 2 Immunology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions